Revelation 11


Revelation 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Revelation of Jesus Christ shown to John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate. This chapter contains the accounts related to the sounding of the "Seventh Trumpet".

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 19 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:

Verse 1

  • "Then": in Greek καί kai, meaning "and"; translated as "then" here to 'indicate the implied sequence within the narrative'.

    Verse 2

  • "Holy city": seems to refer to Jerusalem.
  • "forty-two months": This is three and a half years, which is half of the sacred number seven.

    Verse 3

  • "Power": This word is not in the Greek text, but is implied; added here for clarification.
  • "one thousand two hundred and sixty days": Since the Hebrew calendar is composed of twelve 30-day months, this represents three and a half years.

    Verse 4

This verse was engraved on a papal tiara which Napoleon gave to Pope Pius VII.

Verse 5

Verse 6

  • "Power": or "authority"

    Two witnesses killed and raised (11:7–14)

Verse 8

  • "Street": from the Greek word πλατεῖα, plateia, referring to "a major street".

    Verse 11

In Revelation, the symbolism of times does not lie in the unit of measurement but in the numerical value attached to the measurement. It is a symbolic illustration of the apparent victory of hostile forces over God's people in the in-between age.

The Seventh Trumpet (11:15–19)

Verse 15

  • "Christ" from Greek word christos which means “one who has been anointed", the same as the word “Messiah” in Hebrew and Aramaic.

    Verse 18

Verse 19

Uses

Music

The King James Version of verse 15 from this chapter is cited as texts in the English-language oratorio "Messiah" by George Frideric Handel.