Resort Airlines
Resort Airlines was an unusual United States scheduled international airline certificated in 1949 by the Civil Aeronautics Board, the now-defunct Federal agency that, at the time, tightly regulated almost all commercial air transport in the United States. Resort's scheduled authority was restricted to offering all-expenses paid escorted tours to nearby foreign destinations, known as sky cruises. Resort could offer conventional charter service but no other scheduled service. The market for sky cruises was limited and quite unprofitable, so the vast majority of Resort's business was charters, and for several years, only charters. At the time, the US did not have pure charter carriers, but rather supplemental air carriers, which at the time had a limited ability to offer scheduled service. Since Resort was functionally a pure charter carrier, it had in some ways the most restrictive certificate in the US airline industry. The airline ceased operations in 1960 at which time it tried selling its certificate to Trans Caribbean Airways. But in 1961 the CAB rejected the deal and revoked the moribund carrier's certificate.
Resort is sometimes referred to as supplemental or irregular air carrier. It was briefly an irregular air carrier before CAB certification, but from 1949 onward the CAB regulated it as a scheduled carrier, albeit an unusual one. The term "supplemental" came into existence in 1955, Resort was thus never a supplemental.
History
Early years
Resort was incorporated 11 September 1945 by Lewis C. Burwell Jr., a former U.S. Army Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, as a North Carolina corporation headquartered in Pinehurst originally focused on owning airports. By November, Resort had purchased Knollwood Army Airfield in Pinehurst, renaming it Pinehurst-Southern Pines Airport. By December, Resort was offering flights on light aircraft to the public. By June 1946 Resort was offering service from New York to Miami but also experimenting with sky cruises. For instance, it offered a 16-day tour across the United States and back from New York City, all expenses paid, including 12 stops, for $785 on a 20-seat Douglas DC-3.By November 1946 Resort had applied to the CAB for authority to offer such sky cruises from Northern US cities to the Caribbean and Latin America. While the CAB deliberated, Resort continued to offer sky cruises under a CAB exemption. The CAB rejected the application, but since it involved foreign travel, under the law at the time, the US president had the final say and President Harry S. Truman liked the idea, seeing it as a good for US foreign policy. He overruled the CAB and Resort's application was approved in June 1949 to offer sky cruises to points in Canada, the Caribbean, Central and northern South America and Mexico for a five-year term. However, the CAB had the last word on a parallel application to offer sky cruises domestically, and rejected it. The scheduled certificate superseded Resort's "letter of registration", received from the CAB in 1947, what CAB provided irregular air carriers in lieu of a certificate.
Scheduled airline
Resort received its scheduled certificate in August 1949, but sky cruising did not start until 1951. In September 1950, ownership and management changed, with the company becoming controlled by Fiduciary Counsel, Inc., a fund manager controlled by Clinton Davidson. In 1951 the CAB launched an investigation into Resort's activities. Competitors challenged whether Resort could offer charters and any other kind of scheduled service. The answer, handed down in 1952, was yes to charters, no to scheduled service outside of sky cruising. At the time, irregular carriers had substantial flexibility to offer charters and a certain, ill-defined amount of "individually ticketed" service, so long as it was "irregular". Resort lost this flexibility by becoming a scheduled carrier. On the operational side, the CAB allowed Resort to continue to follow operational regulations that applied to irregular carriers rather than those that the scheduled carriers needed to follow.Flying houseparty
Meanwhile, sky cruising, under a scheduled certificate, was deeply unprofitable. Resort calculated that from 1951 through September 1955, it had total sky cruise-related revenue of $0.95 million, on which it had an operating loss of $1.68 million, or an operating margin of -176%. Some of the issues included obtaining foreign operating rights. Just because the CAB gave Resort the right to fly didn't mean the foreign governments would. Resort went through several management changes and in 1954 changed its operating base from New York to Miami, flew all sky cruise business with four-engine aircraft and recommitted to the sky cruise business. 1954 results were the worst yet and Resort ended sky cruising in August 1955. Nonetheless, Resort requested renewal of its certificate, which the CAB granted for another five years in April 1957, including reducing the required number of overseas stops to permit shorter trips.Resort billed its tours as a "flying houseparty". Passengers were introduced to each other at the start, a guide accompanied them taking care of all details, everything included in the price other than laundry and personal shopping. A typical tour was two weeks, but could be as short as three days or as long as three weeks. The guide stayed with the party, the plane moved on, with another plane arriving later to pick up passengers to the next stop. [|External links] has a video of a Resort Airlines travelogue of the concept from 1952.
| USD 000 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 |
| Scheduled revenue | 32 | 167 | 301 | 321 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0 |
| Charter and other rev | 4,306 | 3,271 | 3,392 | 3,230 | 4,733 | 5,868 | 7,577 | 6,342 | 5,629 | 2,464 |
| Total op revenue | 4,338 | 3,438 | 3,693 | 3,550 | 4,817 | 5,868 | 7,577 | 6,342 | 5,656 | 2,464 |
| Op profit | 597 | 578 | 823 | 739 | 330 | 4 | ||||
| Op margin | 13.8 | -17.0 | -29.5 | -36.0 | -16.7 | 9.9 | 10.9 | 11.7 | 5.8 | 0.2 |
Successful charter business
For its entire time as a scheduled carrier, charters were by far the bulk, and in later years, often the sole source of Resort's revenue. In the early years, charters comprised military passenger and migrant farm labor movements from the Caribbean to the US Midwest. In 1954, Resort obtained both a portion of the Navy's Quicktrans domestic cargo program and a portion of the Air Force's Quicktrans equivalent, the Logair domestic cargo program, for which it flew DC-4s. Resort would remain a Logair contractor until 1960. For instance, in 1956 Resort obtained the largest portion of the Logair contract, worth $5 million for the government's fiscal year, flying eight DC-4 freighters. As the financial record shows, Resort was, in fact, successful in the charter business in its later years. In 1958, Resort referred to itself as the country's largest contract carrier of military air freight.Demise
Resort petitioned the CAB for a suspension of service in June 1960, stating that Cuba, Jamaica and the Bahamas were refusing it landing rights. The CAB noted the tiny amount of scheduled service since the 1957 certificate renewal raised questions about the viability of Resort's certificate and ordered it to resume scheduled service within 90 days or risk losing certification. Suspension coincided with:- Resort's loss of the Logair contract, which Aviation Week noted would result in a "drastic revenue cutback" and
- An agreement by Trans Caribbean Airways to purchase Resort's certificate for stock valued at about $175,000. The CAB noted no physical assets were to be transferred, nor liabilities, nor even the Resort name, but simply Resort's legal authorities.
TCA proposed running Resort business on TCA's DC-6 aircraft, with a divider between people on tour and those flying conventionally. Resort had always maintained that it was generating new business, not diverting passengers from scheduled carriers. The CAB saw TCA's proposal as undercutting this rationale, but also possibly advantaging TCA in terms of its ability to leverage the Resort certificate authority to expand TCA's conventional business. Further, the CAB noted Resort had a good balance sheet and its refusal to continue the scheduled business reflected a fundamental lack of faith in the business model. On 31 August 1961 the CAB rejected the merger and revoked Resort's certificate, which became effective 10 October 1961. However, Resort reported no transportation revenue after 30 June 1960, the day its Logair contract ended, allowing the inference that Resort's last day of operations was 30 June 1960.