Rancho Veloz
Rancho Veloz is a Cuban town and consejo popular of the municipality of Corralillo, in Villa Clara Province. It is a small town whose population numbers between 4,549 and 6,320.
History
The evolution and development of Rancho Veloz is very similar to that of other towns on the island, especially those that emerged in the urban context of the first half of the 19th century. We must look back to the land distributions, when people arrived from Navarre, Asturias, Santander, and the Canary Islands, to glimpse the founding moment. When the lands were distributed, a type of agrarian entity called a "realengo" emerged. These constituted tracts of land that were not dedicated to any productive activity, as was the case in 1770 with the Las Cañas realengo, when the first settlers settled in this area.The search for precious woods was the reason these first settlers settled. The forests were cut down, and the lands were used for cattle raising. The local conditions favored the contraband trade, increasing the boom and development of the area.
In 1835, the Las Cañas royal estate was divided into three corrals, one of which was named Santa Fe de las Pozas. Nearby, a man named Veloz settled, building a ranch that served as a store and supplied the neighbors, and the settlers began to gather at Veloz's ranch.
Around Veloz's store, other ranches were built until a hamlet formed. The official date of its founding is March 19, 1835. Santa Fe de las Pozas was the seat of the district where the administrative and social government was established, belonging to the captaincy of Álvarez until 1843.
The 1940s and 1950s saw notable changes in the economic, political, and social structure of the territory where the population center of Rancho Veloz emerged and developed. Economically, the sugar industry was of great importance, beginning to develop and becoming the area's greatest source of wealth, attracting capital from Matanzas and Havana, which was invested in the industry.
In the second half of the 19th century, characterized by a sugar boom, up to twelve sugar mills emerged, the largest in the entire region being Ramona, built in 1857. The names of the remaining sugar mills and sugar mills were Santa Fe, Santa Roque, San Pedro, Urrutia, San Vicente, Caridad, Mallorquín, Crimea, Tartecio, and Cuatro Caminos. In the first decade of the 20th century, many of them were deactivated, until in 1921 only Ramona remained, which in 1933 incorporated a sugar refinery.
Returning to the 19th century, we note that the abolition of slavery came late in the area. The last slaves were registered in 1879. The 1862 census declared a population of 1,297 whites; 221 free slaves; and 3,721 slaves.
On January 1, 1879, the City Council was created, and its first mayor was José Suárez Solís. The municipality then fell under the jurisdiction of Sagua la Grande, consolidating its economic, political, and social powers. Regarding the administrative order, on June 9, 1979, by virtue of the Royal Order of King Alfonso XII, the island of Cuba was divided into six provinces of Las Villas, which in turn included 28 municipal areas, including the municipality of Rancho Veloz, whose city council was established, as previously mentioned, on January 1, 1879.
In 1885, the Municipal Court was created, and at this time, the population was predominantly Spanish and their direct descendants. The 1887 census indicated a population growth of 1,141 inhabitants compared to the previous census.
Records of the first schools in the town date back to 1888. The girls-only school was located on Real Street. The teacher was Francisca Silverio and her assistant Clara Aruca. At the same time, there was another school for boys across the street, with José Miel as its teacher.
This hilly town has a fort on the so-called Loma El Vigía, which is 150 meters above sea level, built in 1869 as a watchtower to protect it from attacks by corsairs and pirates, and later as a means of defense during the wars of independence. It appears on the town's coat of arms and is a symbol of identity for the Ranchovelozano people. Due to its deterioration, the current school, similar to the original, was built in 1936.
In 1948, when Mr. Fernando Gomes Acosta was mayor, Father José Novo Vásquez blessed the expansion of the park around the temple, thanks to his donation of unpaved parish land. On December 17, 1949, during the mayoralty of Mr. Fernando Gómez Acosta, the Municipal Council agreed to celebrate every March 19, the feast of the town's patron saint, the day of the Absent Ranchovelozano. That day in December was also declared a municipal holiday for the consecration of the Masonic Temple.
Geography
After the political-administrative division in 1976 we are a rectangle bordered to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Santo Domingo - Corralillo highway, to the east is Carahatas de Quemado de Güines, the council of Quintín Banderas and the Cayamas area and to the west the popular council La Panchita. The settlements of Tartércio and Crimea are rural areas of the Popular Council of Renacho Veloz as well as Camacho.Population
The population is 6,320, with 2,023 families living there. The majority of the population is white at 41%, black at 30%, and the remainder is mixed-race.Rocks
The predominant rocks are limestone, which gives rise to the dogtooth rock formations and the topography. It is worth noting that part of the territory has sedimentary rocks with a high percentage of clay, especially the Valle de Reyes and the Gómez area, where high-quality clay is found.Relief
We live in an intermountain valley surrounded by high peaks, where the 150m high El Vigía Hill stands out, as does the San José Hill.Climate
The climate is tropical, humid, and drought-prone due to the influence of anticyclones.Rainfall
Rainfall is scarce, predominating in the months of June and October.Rivers
The most important river is the Biajaca River. It is intermittent because it flows during the rainy season, acquiring different tributaries depending on the area through which it flows. These are Charco Civil, Las Mujeres, Charcón, and Crimea.Soils
They are productive in the flat areas. There are meadows in the valleys of Santa Clara, Tartércio, and Santa Lucia.Plants
To the north, vegetation is dominated by mangroves and Jordan plants, such as marabou.Animals
Cows, sheep, pigs, poultry, and horses predominate, and the Güineito, a mollusk that inhabits the San José area, is native to the area.The Coat of Arms
Mr. Ramón López Céspedes, a native of Rancho Veloz and a teacher for many years in his hometown, designed the coat of arms and founded the Public Library with Mr. José Alfredo Ibáñez, also an educator.The Cross: The coat of arms symbolizes the original name of Rancho Veloz, which was Santa Fe de las Pozas.
The Fort: Represents the one built on El Vigía Hill before 1869. The current fort, smaller than the original, was built on the same platform in 1936.
The Ranch: Recalls Mr. Veloz, where a grocery store was established for passersby and residents of the surrounding area.
La Palma: It commemorates one of the five branches that existed in the Santa Isabel Estate, property of Mr. Antonio Sánchez Pérez and that was felled by the cyclone of 1892. The palm tree was admired by all who saw it and they left their signature on its trunks.
The Patron Saint
The town's patron saint is Saint Joseph, whose feast day is celebrated on March 19th, chosen since 1949 to celebrate the day of the Absent Ranchovelozano. We find his life in the verses of the Gospels of the Infancy of Jesus, reported by Saint Matthew and Saint Luke:Just man
In a dream, an angel appears to him to announce that the child she was carrying in her womb was the Son of God.
He sets out for Bethlehem with Mary, who was pregnant. When they arrive, there is no room for them, and the child is born in a manger.
He has to flee to Egypt because Herod is looking for the child to kill him. They lived there until the king's death, returning to Nazareth.
When Jesus was twelve years old, they went to Jerusalem, as they did every year, to celebrate Passover. There, the child was lost.
After three days of searching, they found him conversing with the doctors of the Law.
The Possession: One of the town's oldest traditions is the possession in honor of Saint Joseph, which paraded through the streets of the town every March 19th. March 1960 was the last time the image paraded through the town's streets in the 20th century. 43 years later, in 2003, this celebration of faith resumed at 8:00 a.m. amidst a town that, with silence and discipline, participated in giving thanks for the recovery of one of its oldest traditions in the 21st century. At all four stops, we prayed to the Lord, asking for the intercession of St. Joseph for families, young people, the people, the absent, and for the permanence among us of two Dominican Sisters of Fatima.
Social Development
Health
A modern healthcare system has developed through a battle of ideas. It includes a comprehensive teaching polyclinic, where most specialties are treated with high-tech equipment, a rehabilitation room, a pharmacy, a maternity home, and five clinics, currently operating thanks to the charitable aid provided by healthcare workers to neighboring countries in need.Education
The town has benefited greatly from educational advances.On September 19, 1951, the municipality was declared a territory free of illiteracy.
In 1960, the José de la Luz y Caballero urban school and rural schools were built in the bateyes of Reyes, Crimen, El Cedro, La Majagua, Tartesio, and Camacho. Secondary education began with the Bartolomé Masó school, which was located in various locations until the new building was built.
Worker-peasant education began, and later the Camilo Cienfuegos FOC school.
There is a special school, "Lázaro Villavicencio," for students with special needs.
All schools are equipped with televisions, video equipment, and computers.
This school year, with the new changes in education, a coeducational school was inaugurated, serving students from various pre-university programs, including business and gastronomy, agronomy, and pre-pedagogy.