Psalm 81

Psalm 81 is the 81st psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Sing aloud unto God our strength". In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 80. In Latin, it is known as "Exultate deo adiutori nostro". It is one of the 12 Psalms of Asaph. Its themes relate to celebration and repentance. In the New King James Version its sub-title is "An Appeal for Israel's Repentance".
The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music.

Commentary

The reference to the new moon and full moon as well as the blowing of the trumpet in verse 3 may reflect the celebration of New Year and Tabernacles. The teaching of verses 9 and 10 is similar to the beginning of the Decalogue, although 'the words for "strange" god and "foreign" god are different from the "other gods" in Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5, with the verb "brought up" and the order of the phrases reversed.
The beginning of the psalm is like a hymn, which is followed by an oracle. In particular, verses 6-10 describe 'God's deliverance of his people from Egypt', whereas verses 11-16 recall the past disobedience of the people and promise to give victory over their enemies if they obey God.

Significance

, made a case that the poetic center of the Psalter being the middle book, middle Psalm and even point to the middle verses of this Psalm.

Uses

Judaism

The psalm is recited in its entirety in the Shir Shel Yom of Thursday.
It is recited on Rosh Hashanah in some traditions.
It is recited on the sixth day of Sukkot in some traditions.
Verse 2 is part of Mishnah Tamid 7:4.
Verse 3 is part of the blessings before the Shema on the second day of Rosh Hashanah.
Verses 4-5 are part of the daytime Kiddush on Rosh Hashanah.
Verse 5 is found in the Mussaf Amidah on Rosh Hashanah.
Verse 11 is the seventh verse of Hoshia Et Amecha in Pesukei Dezimra.
Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the sixteenth day of the month.

Musical settings

set Psalm 81 in a metred version in German, "Singet mit Freuden unserm Gott", SWV 178, as part of the Becker Psalter, first published in 1628. George Frideric Handel composed a movement of his Occasional Oratorio, HWV 62, setting verses 1 and 2 c. 1745.
William Walton's 1931 cantata Belshazzar's Feast takes text from the psalm. In 1964, Herman Berlinski used the psalm in English, Sing joyfully, for four-part choir, organ and obbligato trumpet, combining it with texts from the High Holiday Prayerbook). Verses 1-4 were set by Adrian Batten in a sacred anthem entitled "O sing joyfully". Verse 1 was set by Alan Hovhaness for his motet Opus 68 Sing Aloud.
Ofer Ben-Amots set the psalm in Hebrew for mixed choir and metal percussion in 1989. A 2022 song by New Zealand singer Brooke Ligertwood, "Honey in the Rock", is based on verse 16. An al-female a cappella group, Sweet Honey in the Rock, founded in 1973, takes its name from the same verse.

Text

The following table shows the Hebrew text of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text come from different textual traditions. In the Septuagint, this psalm is numbered Psalm 80.

#	Hebrew	English	Greek
			Εἰς τὸ τέλος, ὑπὲρ τῶν ληνῶν· ψαλμὸς τῷ ᾿Ασάφ. -
1		Sing aloud unto God our strength: make a joyful noise unto the God of Jacob.	ΑΓΑΛΛΙΑΣΘΕ τῷ Θεῷ τῷ βοηθῷ ἡμῶν, ἀλαλάξατε τῷ Θεῷ ᾿Ιακώβ·
2		Take a psalm, and bring hither the timbrel, the pleasant harp with the psaltery.	λάβετε ψαλμὸν καὶ δότε τύμπανον, ψαλτήριον τερπνὸν μετὰ κιθάρας·
3		Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, in the time appointed, on our solemn feast day.	σαλπίσατε ἐν νεομηνίᾳ σάλπιγγι, ἐν εὐσήμῳ ἡμέρᾳ ἑορτῆς ὑμῶν·
4		For this was a statute for Israel, and a law of the God of Jacob.	ὅτι πρόσταγμα τῷ ᾿Ισραήλ ἐστι καὶ κρῖμα τῷ Θεῷ ᾿Ιακώβ.
5		This he ordained in Joseph for a testimony, when he went out through the land of Egypt: where I heard a language that I understood not.	μαρτύριον ἐν τῷ ᾿Ιωσὴφ ἔθετο αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ἐξελθεῖν αὐτὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου· γλῶσσαν, ἣν οὐκ ἔγνω, ἤκουσεν·
6		I removed his shoulder from the burden: his hands were delivered from the pots.	ἀπέστησεν ἀπὸ ἄρσεων τὸν νῶτον αὐτοῦ, αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κοφίνῳ ἐδούλευσαν.
7		Thou calledst in trouble, and I delivered thee; I answered thee in the secret place of thunder: I proved thee at the waters of Meribah. Selah.	ἐν θλίψει ἐπεκαλέσω με, καὶ ἐρρυσάμην σε· ἐπήκουσά σου ἐν ἀποκρύφῳ καταιγίδος, ἐδοκίμασά σε ἐπὶ ὕδατος ἀντιλογίας..
8		Hear, O my people, and I will testify unto thee: O Israel, if thou wilt hearken unto me;	ἄκουσον, λαός μου, καὶ διαμαρτύρομαί σοι, ᾿Ισραήλ, ἐὰν ἀκούσῃς μου,
9		There shall no strange god be in thee; neither shalt thou worship any strange god.	οὐκ ἔσται ἐν σοὶ Θεὸς πρόσφατος, οὐδὲ προσκυνήσεις Θεῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ·
10		I am the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt: open thy mouth wide, and I will fill it.	ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου ὁ ἀναγαγών σε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου· πλάτυνον τὸ στόμα σου, καὶ πληρώσω αὐτό.
11		But my people would not hearken to my voice; and Israel would none of me.	καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσεν ὁ λαός μου τῆς φωνῆς μου, καὶ ᾿Ισραὴλ οὐ προσέσχε μοι·
12		So I gave them up unto their own hearts' lust: and they walked in their own counsels.	καὶ ἐξαπέστειλα αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν, πορεύσονται ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν αὐτῶν.
13		Oh that my people had hearkened unto me, and Israel had walked in my ways!	εἰ ὁ λαός μου ἤκουσέ μου, ᾿Ισραὴλ ταῖς ὁδοῖς μου εἰ ἐπορεύθη,
14		I should soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand against their adversaries.	ἐν τῷ μηδενὶ ἂν τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτῶν ἐταπείνωσα καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς θλίβοντας αὐτοὺς ἐπέβαλον ἂν τὴν χεῖρά μου.
15		The haters of the LORD should have submitted themselves unto him: but their time should have endured for ever.	οἱ ἐχθροὶ Κυρίου ἐψεύσαντο αὐτῷ, καὶ ἔσται ὁ καιρὸς αὐτῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.
16		He should have fed them also with the finest of the wheat: and with honey out of the rock should I have satisfied thee.	καὶ ἐψώμισεν αὐτοὺς ἐκ στέατος πυροῦ καὶ ἐκ πέτρας μέλι ἐχόρτασεν αὐτούς.