Preservative redemption
Preservative redemption or preservative grace is, in Catholic theology, the doctrine that people can be preserved from future sin and temptation. This doctrine was first developed by Duns Scotus in the 13th century, who believed that the Virgin Mary was preserved from original sin. This means that Mary was the object of perfect redemption, as if fashioned by the Holy Spirit, which was merited by Jesus. Whether or not Mary was ever tempted is speculated by theologians. The Catholic Church has developed the doctrine of preservative redemption to include the Eucharist, teaching ever since the Council of Trent that a fruit of Holy Communion is preservation from future temptation and future mortal sin. This is because the soul is enkindled with divine love, so that the more of Jesus one receives the harder it becomes for one to be tempted and commit sin. A commonly held pious opinion is that the prophet Jeremiah, John the Baptist, and according to some St. Joseph were sanctified from original sin in the womb, but not at their conception. Saint Faustina claimed to have received the grace of freedom from temptation against purity. Criticism of preservative grace includes asking why God does not make every human and angel sinless and how the Immaculate Conception makes sense if Mary is not redeemed from original sin.