Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135)
The administration of Judaea as a province of Rome from 6 to 135 was carried out primarily by a series of Roman prefects, procurators, and legates pro praetore. The first of these administrators coincided or were intertwined with the ostensible rule by the Herodian tetrarchy. The Roman administrators were as follows:
| Name | Dates of administration | Number of years | Title |
| Coponius | 6–9 | 3 | Praefectus |
| Marcus Ambivulus | 9–12 | 3 | Praefectus |
| Annius Rufus | 12–15 | 3 | Praefectus |
| Valerius Gratus | 15–26 | 11 | Praefectus |
| Pontius Pilatus | 26–36 | 10 | Praefectus |
| Marcellus | 36–37 | 1 | Praefectus |
| Marullus | 37–41 | 4 | Praefectus |
| Vacant | 41–44 | 3 | Monarchy restored |
| Cuspius Fadus | 44–46 | 2 | Procurator |
| Tiberius Julius Alexander | 46–48 | 2 | Procurator |
| Ventidius Cumanus | 48–52 | 4 | Procurator |
| Marcus Antonius Felix | 52–60 | 8 | Procurator |
| Porcius Festus | 60–62 | 2 | Procurator |
| Lucceius Albinus | 62–64 | 2 | Procurator |
| Gessius Florus | 64–66 | 2 | Procurator |
| Marcus Antonius Julianus | c. 66–c. 70 | 4 | Procurator |
| Sextus Vettulenus Cerialis | 70–71 | 1 | Legatus |
| Sextus Lucilius Bassus | 71–72 | 1 | Legatus |
| Lucius Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus | 72–81 | 9 | Legatus |
| Marcus Salvidienus | 80–85 | 5 | Legatus |
| Gnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus | 85–89 | 1 | Legatus |
| Sextus Hermentidius Campanus | 93–97 | 1 | Legatus |
| Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus | 102–104 | 2 | Legatus |
| Quintus Pompeius Falco | 105–107 | 2 | Legatus |
| Tiberianus | 114–117 | 3 | Legatus |
| Lusius Quietus | 117–118 | 1 | Legatus |
| Lucius Cossonius Gallus | c. 120 | ? | Legatus |
| Quintus Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus | c. 124–125 or 122–125 | 1 | Legatus |
| Quintus Tineius Rufus | c. 130–c. 132 | 2 | Legatus |
| Sextus Julius Severus | 133–136 | 3 | Legatus |
"Hadrian stationed an extra legion in Judaea, renaming it Syria Palaestina." This was following the defeat of the Bar Kokhba Revolt in 135. The Syria-based legion, Legio III Gallica, took part in the quelling of the revolt from 132 to 136, and in the aftermath, the emperor Hadrian renamed the province of Judea and its extra legion Syria Palaestina. The province of Syria Palaestina was divided into Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Salutaris in about 357, and by 409 Palaestina Prima had been further split into a smaller Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda, while Salutaris was named Tertia or Salutaris. Palæstina Prima or Palaestina I existed from the late 4th century until it was temporarily lost to the Sassanid Empire in 614, but re-conquered in 628 and finally until the Muslim conquest of the Levant in the 630s.