Palmitoleic acid

Palmitoleic acid, or -hexadec-9-enoic acid, is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid with the formula CH₃₅CH=CH₇COOH. It is a rare component of fats. It is a common constituent of the glycerides of human adipose tissue. It is present in all tissues but, in general, found in higher concentrations in the liver.
It is biosynthesized from palmitic acid by the action of the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1.
Animal and cell culture studies indicate that palmitoleic acid is anti-inflammatory, and improves insulin sensitivity in liver and skeletal muscles, but more studies are required to establish its actions in humans. Many of the effects of palmitoleic acid are due to its activation of PPAR-alpha.

Natural sources

Palmitoleic acid is found in trace amounts in most foods except for sardine oil, which contains 15% of this acid as a component of triglycerides.
Other dietary sources of palmitoleic acid include breast milk, a variety of animal fats, vegetable oils, and marine oils. Macadamia oil and sea buckthorn oil are botanical sources with high concentrations, containing 17% and 19-29% palmitoleic acid, respectively..
Mink oil is also a source of palmitoleic acid.