November 1931
The following events occurred in November 1931:
November 1, 1931 (Sunday)
- Thirty people were injured during rioting between fascists and anti-fascists at the French towns of Nice, Chambéry and Dijon when Italians came to the towns to pay their respects to Italian war dead.
November 2, 1931 (Monday)
- The DuPont company announced the invention of a new synthetic rubber called DuPrene, known today as neoprene.
- Six more nations, including Great Britain and France, joined the one-year moratorium on building armaments. Since the agreement was an informal one, however, the League of Nations was uncertain whether the holiday had really gone into effect on November 1 or not.
- The United States Supreme Court decided United States v. Kirby Lumber Co., upholding taxation on money saved by settling debts for less than the full amount owed..
November 3, 1931 (Tuesday)
- In Germany, Prussia's Interior Minister Carl Severing banned all parades and outdoor assemblies until further notice. Exceptions were made for gatherings of apolitical character such as weddings and funerals.
- Born:
- *Michael Fu Tieshan, Chinese Roman Catholic bishop and leader of the government-approved Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association; in Qingyuan, Hebei province
- *Monica Vitti, award-winning Italian film actress, in Rome
November 4, 1931 (Wednesday)
- The Jiangqiao Campaign was opened by the Imperial Japanese Army in its fight to take control of the Chinese region of Manchuria with the Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge, south of Qiqihar in the Heilongjiang province.
- David Lloyd George officially stepped down as Leader of the Liberal Party and was succeeded by Sir Herbert Samuel. "As you are aware", Lloyd George wrote to Samuel, "I am completely at variance with the disastrous course into which the party recently has been guided. It may therefore ease matters, and at any rate save embarrassment to my friends, if I write to tell you that I am not a candidate for election to any office in the group." Several MPs joined Lloyd George's break from the Liberals to sit in Parliament as a small voting bloc known as the Independent Liberals.
- The British drama film Michael and Mary was released in the United Kingdom.
- Born: Marie Mansfield, American baseball pitcher in the AAGPBL, 1953 strikeouts leader; in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
- Died: Buddy Bolden, 54, African-American cornet player
November 5, 1931 (Thursday)
- The Mahatma Gandhi attended a formal reception at Buckingham Palace and met with King George V for five minutes. Gandhi wore only his usual attire of loin cloth and shawl, which made for an extraordinary scene of contrast with the silken finery of other guests.
- Five sailors on the battleship were killed in the explosion of an anti-aircraft gun. 27 others were wounded.
- Neville Chamberlain became the new British Chancellor of the Exchequer.
- The blasphemy trial of German artist George Grosz finally ended after three years. The court ordered the confiscation and destruction of the Grosz illustration Maul Halten und Weiter Deinen, which depicted a crucified Christ wearing army boots and a gas mask.
- Born: Ike Turner, American musician; in Clarksdale, Mississippi
November 6, 1931 (Friday)
- The Italian government awarded prizes to the families with the most children.
- The Sergei Yutkevich-directed film Golden Mountains, with music by composer Dmitri Shostakovich, premiered in Leningrad.
- The Mahatma Gandhi met George Bernard Shaw and his wife in London.
- Born: Mike Nichols, German born-American director, producer, actor and comedian; as Igor Mikhail Peschkowsky, in Berlin
- Died:
- *Thaddeus H. Caraway, 60, U.S. Senator for Arkansas since March 4 and previously U.S. Representative from 1913 to 1921, died of a heart attack caused by a blood clot in his coronary artery
- *Jack Chesbro, 57, American baseball pitcher and Baseball Hall of Fame inductee, from a heart attack
November 7, 1931 (Saturday)
- Mao Zedong announced the formation of the Chinese Soviet Republic in Jiangxi Province.
- Ralph Capone, the older brother of Al Capone and a Chicago mobster, went to federal prison after being convicted of income tax fraud.
November 8, 1931 (Sunday)
- Police stations and the Governor's headquarters were attacked in the city of Tianjin by hundreds of Chinese rioters, reportedly at the instigation of Japanese operatives.
- Parliamentary elections were held in Yugoslavia. Voters only had one choice, "yes" or "no" on a slate of candidates representing the government of Prime Minister Petar Živković.
- Born:
- *Morley Safer, Canadian-born American journalist and co-host of 60 Minutes, winner of 13 Emmy Awards; in Toronto
- *Darla Hood, American child actress known for starring in the Our Gang comedies, later a popular singer; in Leedey, Oklahoma
November 9, 1931 (Monday)
- Mahatma Gandhi said that the Round Table Conference was a failure and that he would return to India to resume the campaign against British rule.
- The King Vidor-directed film The Champ, starring Wallace Beery and 9-year-old Jackie Cooper, had its world premiere at the Astor Theatre in New York City.
- Born: Whitey Herzog, American baseball team manager and player, Hall of Fame inductee; in New Athens, Illinois
November 10, 1931 (Tuesday)
- Puyi, the last Chinese emperor, left his exile in Tianjin and went over to Japanese authorities, who were offering to restore him to the throne in Manchuria.
- Cimarron won the award for Best Picture at the 4th Academy Awards.
November 11, 1931 (Wednesday)
- The District of Columbia War Memorial was dedicated by U.S. President Herbert Hoover.
- Died: Shibusawa Eiichi, 91, Japanese industrialist
November 12, 1931 (Thursday)
- A Spanish commission announced its findings that former king Alfonso XIII was guilty of lèse-majesté under the Constitution of 1876 which the commission argued placed the people as co-sovereign with the king. The commission recommended that Alfonso be condemned to disgrace, his property confiscated and that he be executed if he ever set foot in the country again.
- Maple Leaf Gardens opened in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team lost to the Chicago Black Hawks 2-1. Mush March scored the first goal in the arena's history.
- Born: Mary Louise Wilson, American stage actress and Tony Award winner; in New Haven, Connecticut
November 13, 1931 (Friday)
- U.S. President Hoover announced that he would recommend to congress the creation of a federal system of home loan banks to assist the credit facilities of building and loan associations, banks, and other institutions making loans on home property.
- Died: General Ivan Fichev, 71, Chief of the General Staff of the Bulgarian Army and later Minister of War
November 14, 1931 (Saturday)
- The Japanese army handed Chinese General Ma Zhanshan an ultimatum, demanding that he withdraw his troops from Qiqihar and Anganchi by November 25, or else Japan would "take effective measures."
November 15, 1931 (Sunday)
- The Bayonne Bridge connecting Bayonne, New Jersey with Staten Island, New York opened. It was the longest steel arch bridge in the world at the time of its construction.
- The Nazi Party won state elections in Hesse with 37% of the vote.
- Born: Mwai Kibaki, the third President of Kenya ; in Gatuyaini, British Kenya
November 16, 1931 (Monday)
- The British government introduced the Abnormal Importations Bill which gave the government power to impose a duty of up to 100% duty on imports.
- Italian Foreign Affairs Minister Dino Grandi arrived in Washington for talks with President Hoover. Anti-fascist protests were feared, but the crowd that stood at the train station to witness Grandi's arrival was friendly.
- The sale of the British airship R100, to a London scrap metal firm, was announced.
- Born: Hubert Sumlin, blues guitarist and singer, in Greenwood, Mississippi
November 17, 1931 (Tuesday)
- The Svirlag forced labour camp was established in the Soviet Union near Leningrad.
November 18, 1931 (Wednesday)
- Japanese forces captured Qiqihar.
- In Berlin, Adolf Hitler had a four-hour meeting with Hermine Reuss of Greiz, second wife of exiled kaiser Wilhelm II. The Nazi Party sought to win favour in monarchist circles.
November 19, 1931 (Thursday)
- American Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson informed Britain that the U.S. would not participate in League of Nations economic sanctions against Japan.
- The Arnold Bax composition Overture to a Picaresque Comedy was performed for the first time in Manchester.
- The Jean Renoir-directed film La Chienne was released.
November 20, 1931 (Friday)
- An explosion at Bentley Colliery in Yorkshire killed 42 English coal miners.
- Former King of Spain Alfonso XIII was declared an outlaw and a criminal by the Spanish Assembly.
- The Abnormal Importations Act received royal assent after a rushed passage through Parliament.
- Rolls-Royce acquired Bentley Motors.
- The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell below 100 points for the first time since the beginning of the Great Depression. The Dow, which had peaked at 300 points in 1928, would close the year at 77.90 points and continue to fall.
- Died: Julius Drewe, 75, English businessman, retailer and entrepreneur
November 21, 1931 (Saturday)
- The horror film Frankenstein starring Colin Clive as Dr. Frankenstein and Boris Karloff as Frankenstein's monster, along with Mae Clark and John Boles was released.
- Japan told the League of Nations that it would allow an investigative committee into Manchuria, but that it could not interfere with Japanese military operations there.
- Born:
- *Revaz Dogonadze, Soviet scientist and founder of quantum electrochemistry; in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union
- *Jim Ringo, American NFL football player and coach, Pro Football Hall of Fame enshrinee; in Orange, New Jersey
- *Malcolm Williamson, Australian composer who served as Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death; in Sydney