New World quail
The New World quail are small birds, that despite their similar appearance and habits to the Old World quail, belong to a different family known as the Odontophoridae. In contrast, the Old World quail are in the Phasianidae family, sharing only a remote phylogenetic connection with their New World counterparts through their mutual classification within the Phasianoidea superfamily. The geographical range of the New World quail extends from Canada to southern Brazil, and two species, the California quail and the bobwhite quail, have been successfully introduced to New Zealand. The stone partridge and Nahan's partridge, both found in Africa, seem to belong to the family. Species are found across a variety of habitats from tropical rainforest to deserts, although a few species are capable of surviving at very low temperatures. There are 34 species divided into 10 genera.
The legs of most New World quails are short but powerful, with some species having very thick legs for digging. They lack the spurs of many Old World galliformes. Although they are capable of short bursts of strong flight, New World quails prefer to walk, and run from danger, taking off explosively only as a last resort. Plumage varies from dull to spectacular, and many species have ornamental crests or plumes on their heads. Moderate sexual dichromism is seen in plumage, with males having brighter plumage.
Behaviour and ecology
The New World quails are shy diurnal birds and generally live on the ground; even the tree quails, which roost in high trees, generally feed mainly on the ground. They are generalists with regards to their diet, taking insects, seeds, vegetation, and tubers. Desert species in particular consume seeds frequently.Most of the information about the breeding biology of New World quails comes from North American species, which have been better studied than those of the Neotropics. The family is generally thought to be monogamous, and nests are constructed on the ground. Clutch sizes are large, as is typical within the Galliformes, ranging from three to six eggs for the tree quail and wood quail, and as high as 10–15 for the northern bobwhite. Incubation takes between 16 and 30 days depending on the species. Chicks are precocial and quickly leave the nest to accompany the parents in large family groups.
Northern bobwhite and California quail are popular gamebirds, with many taken by hunters, but these species have also had their ranges increased to meet hunting demand and are not threatened. They are also artificially stocked. Some species are threatened by human activity, such as the bearded tree quail of Mexico, which is threatened by habitat loss and illegal hunting.
Species
Subspecies English names by Çınar 2015.| Subfamily | Image | Genus | Species |
| Ptilopachinae Bowie, Coehn & Crowe 2013 | Ptilopachus Swainson 1837 |
| |
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Rhynchortyx Ogilvie-Grant 1893 | ||
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Oreortyx Baird 1858 | ||
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Dendrortyx Gould 1844 | ||
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Philortyx Gould 1846 non Des Murs 1854 | ||
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Colinus Goldfuss 1820 | ||
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Callipepla Wagler 1832 | ||
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Cyrtonyx Gould 1844 | ||
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Dactylortyx Ogilvie-Grant 1893 | ||
| Odontophorinae Gould 1844 | Odontophorus Vieillot 1816 |