Nazario Luque
Nazario Luque Vera, known simply as Nazario, is a Spanish comics artist and painter, considered "the father of Spanish underground comics", and one of the most prominent names of gay comics, along with Tom of Finland and Ralf König. A countercultural artist par excellence and a key figure of the Barcelona movida of the 1970s and 1980s, he portrayed the underworld of a rogue Barcelona in Anarcoma, his most popular series. He has also been noted for "renewing the most typical forms of Andalusian culture".
Biography
Nazario was born in Castilleja del Campo, in the province of Seville. During his youth he studied philosophy and literature in Seville. He was assigned as a National Teacher for adults in Morón de la Frontera, where he met the flamenco guitarist Diego del Gastor, his family of artists and a court of Californian hippies who learned to play the guitar with him. Nazario buys one and joins the group of aficionados attending the last parties that used to be given by the señoritos who gathered around Diego's guitar the last masters of the old cante Juan Talega, Fernanda and Bernarda, Joselero or Tío Borrico. He began drawing comics inspired by Mad magazine. He abandoned the guitar and Seville.In 1972 he settled in Barcelona where he took his first steps in the world of underground comics founding the group El Rrollo with Farry, Javier Mariscal and Pepichek. With them he moved to live in an apartment in Comercio street, forming a kind of commune and editing their own comics, which they distributed themselves, until the police persecution of Nazario's fanzine Piraña Divina caused the dispersion of the group, and his return to his native Seville. El Rrollo Enmascarado, Catalina, Paupérrimus, Purita or Nasti de Plasti were the best works of the group.
"Purita", "San Reprimonio", "Sábado sabadete" or "Los apartamentos la Nave", would be among his first works gathered in the album San Nazario y las Pirañas incorruptas. In these stories he presents different characters from Barcelona's underworld, who would become a constant source of inspiration from that moment on. He also collaborated in many comic magazines all over Europe: Bazaar, It, Actuel, Oz, Frigidaire, Gai Pied, L'Écho des Savanes, etc. According to Eliseu Trenc, "The two fundamental moral values instituted in traditional Spanish society, female virginity and sexual abstinence, will be systematically ridiculed by Nazario in his early works." The first homosexual comic was La visita, published in 1975.
In 1976, he participated with Ceesepe in a book about Lou Reed. The singer reused the cover of the book without notifying Nazario; when he saw the plagiarism, the editor of Rock Comix decided to file a lawsuit. Nazario himself commented years later, in an interview to El Mundo:
In 2000, the courts ruled in his favor, sentencing the record company RCA to pay the cartoonist 4 million pesetas.