Moses da Rieti
Moses da Rieti was an Italian-Jewish poet, philosopher, and physician. Born in Rieti, he composed works in Hebrew and Italian and has been called a Hebrew Dante. His major work, the transitionally post-medieval and philosophical Hebrew poem Miqdash me'at, includes an encyclopedia of sciences, a Jewish paradise fantasy, and a post-biblical history of Jewish literature.
Overview
Moses was born in Rieti in 1388 to Isaac, probably a banker. He left Rieti to study medicine but returned in 1422 to practice medicine and banking there. He had at least three sons by his wife, Sella: Isaac, the firstborn, Leone, and Bonaiuto, and all three followed him into the trade. He was rabbi in Rome from 1431 and filled various community roles around the Papal States throughout his life, also maintaining a yeshiva in Narni. Miqdash me'at , his major work, is a transitionally post-medieval and philosophical Hebrew poem explicitly inspired by the Divine Comedy in both plot and structure, and also includes an encyclopedia of sciences, a Jewish paradise fantasy, and a post-biblical history of Jewish literature. Miqdash me'at makes explicit metaphor in its structure as an homage to the Temple of Jerusalem. Rieti was also private physician to Pope Pius II.Rieti was influenced by Yehuda Romano. Rieti's style is complex and he speaks on behalf of the Jewish people, with Neoplatonism and Aristotelianism especially in the tradition of Maimonides, and follows the terza rima of Dante Alighieri, the first Hebrew poet to do so. Called a Hebrew Dante, he also authored a poetic dialogue between the Daughters of Zelophehad called ''Iggeret Ya'ar ha-Levanon. Rieti's work exhibits a deep familiarity with the Tannaim, Geonim, and Amoraim, including contemporary philosophy in Greek, Arabic, and Hebrew. It is said he later abandoned philosophy for kabbalah. Deborah Ascarelli and Lazaro da Viterbo translated his hymns into Italian. He died in Rome in 1466.
Works
Poetry
Miqdash Me'at, begun in 1415 according to its text. Apparently incomplete. Sometimes cited by its sections Heikhal and Ulam, by its subsection Me'on haShoalim, or by the name Shalshelet haQabbalah. The subsection Me'on haShoalim was printed in with translation into Italian by Lazzaro da Viterbo, again in with translation into Italian by Deborah Ascarelli, and again in, with a translation into Judeo-Italian by Samuel de Castelnuovo. Two anonymous translations of Me'on HaShoalim into Italian are extant in manuscript, including and MS Bod. Mich. 486. According to Goldenthal, the text of Me'on haShoalim varies across versions more than the other sections. There are at least 59 MSS of Midqash Me'at, 17 complete. According to Joseph Almanzi there was a partial holograph MS in the possession of Mordecai Ghirondi, which survives in the critical edition Almanzi prepared based on 5 manuscripts in 1836-1838, including some commentary. According to Moshe Hillel, and Israel Adler, the "holograph" manuscript is now Cambridge Add. 1193, which Stefan Reif dates 16-17c in his catalog. A different manuscript was copied by Moses' great-grandson from a holograph manuscript, according to its colophon. Both these manuscripts end abruptly with the words בא סנחריב, although a continuation ומחריב עיר ממזרח שמש עד מבואו מהולל שם ה' אמן is found in a later hand in f. 93r, apparently the same mentioned by Jacob Goldenthal as appearing in an MS belonging to Alexander Ziskind Mintz of Brody. Goldenthal printed a text edited from 3 manuscripts in . A modern critical edition was in progress as of 2003.- Nine stanzas not included in Goldenthal's edition of Miqdash Me'at Iggeret ''Ya'ar haLevanon. In heavily poetic prose. Apparently incomplete. Many MSS, but especially Joseph Almanzi's redaction in MS BL Add. 27001. Edited and translated into Italian by Alessandro Guetta in .
- Elegy on his wife, who died at the age of seventy after fifty-two years of married life, Sella . Various MSS; printed in Gli ebrei a Perugia pp. 273–275, and .
- A poem beginning Begodel erekh hahigayon''
Prose
- Various medical writings, including a commentary on Hippocrates' Aphorisms. One MS published by Joshua Leibowitz and Solomon Marcus in .
- Commentary on Ibn Rushd 's works, completed in 1456-7, commentary on Moses Narboni's commentary on Ghazali's Maḳaṣid al-Falasifah, shorter Hebrew philosophical tracts, aphorisms
- Notes on Levi ben Gershon's commentaries on Averroes
- Notes on Averroes' commentary on the Isagoge of Porphyry.
- An extensive philosophical work in Judaeo-Latin, apparently incomplete. Published as Filosofia Naturale e Fatti de Deo by Irene Hijmans-Tromp. Brill, 1989.
- Polemic against John of Capistrano
- A philosophical-theological work, apologetic in tendency, written in Italian and divided into three parts. The first part discusses the natural philosophy of Aristotle; the second is a treatise upon God; the third, of which only a fragment has been preserved, covers Jewish history from the beginning to the time of the author
- An apologetic work, in sixty-two chapters, directed against friar Giannozzo Manetti, the secretary of Nicholas V and Pope Callixtus III, who preached anti-Jewish sermons at Rome
''Jewish Encyclopedia'' bibliography
- Zunz, in Geiger's Jüd. Zeit. ii. 321–322;
- Luzzatto, in Dukes' Ehrensäulen, p. 50;
- Carmoly, in Jost's Annalen, i. 55, 63;
- idem, in Orient, Lit. ii. 234;
- Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1984;
- idem, Hebr. Uebers. pp. 28, 76, 462, 660;
- Berliner, Gesch. der Juden in Rom, ii. 121;
- Güdemann, Gesch. ii. 127;
- Vogelstein and Rieger, Gesch. der Juden in Rom, ii. 68 et seq.