Modruš
Modruš is a village, former episcopal see, and current Latin Church Catholic titular see in the mountainous part of Croatia, located south of its municipality's seat Josipdol, on the easternmost slopes of Velika Kapela mountain, in northern Lika.
The population was 169 in the census of 2011.
History
One of the counties in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was named Modruš-Rijeka County partially after the town.The fortress may have already existed in 1209. The town around it developed during the 14th and 15th centuries.
From 1193 until 1553 Modruš and the large surrounding estate was owned by members of the Frankopan noble family, who were living in the Tržan castle above the medieval settlement.
In 1460, Modruš became the seat of the Roman [Catholic Diocese of Krbava-Modruš].
Modruš was mentioned on 22 February 1481 in a document freeing the citizens of Grič from tariffs in Modruš and elsewhere.
In 1553, Modruš came under the administration of the Military Frontier authorities.
At 13:00 on 22 June 1942, a Partisan attack was carried out from Deriguz on Modruš. The forester Josip Rendulić was wounded at Deriguz and transported to Sisak. But the attack was repelled.
Ecclesiastical history
- During the 1460s, due to the Ottoman advance in Dalmatia, the medieval Catholic Diocese of Corbavia was formally suppressed by Pope Pius II, but its territory immediately reassigned to establish as successor see the Diocese of Modruš / Modrussa / italic=no, named after its new see, near Fiume, at the rock fortress of the Frankopan counts. Again it was a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Spalato.
- Due to a Croat defeat against the Turks at Udbina in, the episcopal see was again transferred, now to Novi Vinodolski, south-east of Fiume, but kept Modruš as its title.
- Turkish raids having devastated the nearly-abandoned bishopric since the 1560s, its administration was vested in the nearby Diocese of Segna, and in 1630 Pope Urban VIII united both sees per aequalitatem jurium in personal union, formally remaining separate suffragans of Spalato, as confirmed in 1833 by papal bulla from Gregory XVI. They became known as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Senj-Modruš.
- By the 19th century, besides the cathedral little survived the Turkish rule, except its Chapter of Canons, divided in three parts residing in the diocese's last parishes : Novi itself, Bribir, [Primorje-Gorski Kotar County|Bribir] and Buccari.
- In the first half of the 18th century, Segna and Modruš became suffragans in the ecclesiastical province of the Hungarian Archdiocese of Kalocsa, then from 8 March 1788 suffragans of the Slovenian Archdiocese of Ljubljana, but 19 August 1807 returned to Kalocsa, until 11 December 1852 they became part of the ecclesiastical province of the Croatian Archdiocese of Zagreb.
- On 27 July 1969 by Paul VI's papal bulla 'Coetu intante', Modruš was united with the Diocese of Rijeka–Opatija, which was elevated to Metropolitan archbishopric and renamed Archdiocese of Rijeka–Senj, by privilege bearing the 'additional' title Bishops of Modruš.
Residential Bishops of Modruš
;Suffragan Bishops of Modruš- Niccolò di Cattaro
- Cristoforo da Ragusa
- Giacomo Dragazio
- Simone de Begno
- Pierpaolo Vergerio, previously Apostolic Nuncio to Austria-Hungary ; later Bishop of Koper , died 1565
- Ermolao Ermolai, Observant Franciscans
- Giovanni Evangelista Brachi, Benedictine Order
- Diego de Loaysa, Recollect Augustinians
- Alberto Divini = Gliričić,, Dominican Order , next Bishop of Krk and Apostolic Administrator of Diocese of Skradin
- Lorenzo Gherardi, O.P.
- See administered by Diocese of Veglia
- Dionigi Pieppi, O.P.
- Jovan Kosisić
- ''See administered by Diocese of Segna ''
Titular see
The diocese was nominally restored in 2000 as Latin Titular bishopric of Modruš / Modrussa / italic=no.It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal rank :
Demographics
In 1895, the obćina of Modruš, with an area of, belonged to the kotar of Ogulin in the županija of Modruš-Rieka. There were 520 houses, with a population of 3879. Its 14 villages and 39 hamlets were divided for taxation purposes into 2 porezne obćine, under the Ogulin office.Infrastructure
In 1913, there were 8 gendarmeries in Delnice kotar: Ogulin, Drežnica, Generalski Stol, Jasenak, Saborsko, Josipdol, Modruš and Plaški.Notable locals
Genealogy
- 2nd ed. 2000,.
Ecclesiastical history
- Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, pp. 388–389, 399Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XIII, 1956, coll. 805-806
- K. Draganovic, Croazia sacra, Rome 1943, pp. 197–198
- 'Stato della diocesi a fine Ottocento' in Acta Sanctae Sedis, 9, pp. 292–293
- Bulla 'Apostolici nostri', in Iuris pontificii de propaganda fide, vol. V, pp. 62–64
- Bulla Coetu instante, on vatican.va.
- Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 1, p. 208; vol. 2, p. 136; vol. 3, p. 247; vol. 4, p. 309
Military history
*Modruš urbarium
- * Republished: Tirage: 500.