Miniature pig
A miniature pig, minipig or micro-pig is a domestic pig characterised by its unusually small size when fully grown. Some breeds of miniature pig – such as the Cerdo Cuino of Mexico, the Lon I of Vietnam, the Ras-n-Lansa of Guam in the Marianas Islands and the Wuzhishan of Hainan Island in China – are traditional breeds of those areas. Many others have been selectively bred since the mid-twentieth century specifically for laboratory use in biomedical research; among these are the Clawn and the Ohmini of Japan, the Czech Minipig, the German Göttingen Minipig, the Lee-Sung of Taiwan, the Russian Minisib, the extinct Minnesota Miniature of the United States and the Westran of Australia. Some minipigs have been bred to be marketed as companion animals.
Miniature pigs generally reach their full size in about four years, and may live for up to fifteen. Some may reach a height of at the shoulder and a body length of.
History
Domestic pigs of very small size have traditionally been reared in many countries in Asia – among them China, Laos, Taiwan, Tibet and Vietnam – in Central and South America, and in West Africa. Some oceanic islands have populations of small pig, which in some cases are feral.In the mid-twentieth century, researchers began selective breeding of pigs for small size with the aim of creating animals suitable for laboratory use.
From about 1942 various strains of small pig were imported from Manchuria to Japan; from 1945 Hiroshi Ohmi selected these for small size, leading to the creation of the Ohmini, which was used both as a laboratory animal and for meat.
The Minnesota Miniature was bred at the Hormel Institute of the University of Minnesota from 1949, from a stock of Piney Woods, Guinea Hog and wild boar from the United States and Ras-n-lansa from Guam.
In the 1960s some pigs of the traditional Vietnamese Lon I breed were imported to western Europe for exhibition in zoos; some of these were later taken to North America, where they contributed to the development of the Vietnamese Pot-bellied type.
From the late 1960s, researchers at the i=no or Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of the University of Göttingen in Lower Saxony cross-bred these Vietnamese pigs with Minnesota Miniature and German Landrace stock to produce the Göttingen Minipig.
Pigs of this kind were later used for medical research in the fields of toxicology, pharmacology, pulmonology, cardiology, aging, and as a source of organs for organ transplantation.
Use
Miniature pigs have been used for medical research, including toxicology, pharmacology, experimental surgery, pulmonology, cardiology, xenotransplantation, orthopedic procedures and aging studies. Mini pigs are mainly used for biochemical, anatomical, and physiological similarities to humans. They are also quick to develop, making it easier to breed and have more genomic background compared to other animal models of toxicology. Today, more than 60,000 pigs are used for scientific research. For example, scientists are working on studying the possibility of utilizing pig hearts for human heart organ transplants, and work has been done to genetically modify the tissues of pigs to be accepted by the human immune system.Miniature pigs are occasionally kept as companion animals, and some have been bred specifically to be marketed for this purpose. They may also find use in animal-assisted therapy.
Breeds
Among the traditional breeds of very small pig are the following:| Local name | English name if used | Country | . Notes | . Image |
| Ashanti Dwarf | Ghana | |||
| Bakosi | Cameroon | |||
| Bamaxiang | Guangxi, China | |||
| Chin | Myanmar | |||
| Cuino | Mexico | possibly extinct | ||
| Diqing | Tibet | Diqing Prefecture | ||
| Ghori | ||||
| Hezuo | Tibet | Gannan Prefecture | ||
| Lanyu | Taiwan | Orchid Island | ||
| Lon Co | Vietnam | central Vietnam | ||
| Lon I | "Vietnamese Pot-bellied" | Vietnam | traditional breed, formerly numerous, now gravely endangered | |
| Mou Chid | Laos | |||
| Mou Lat | Laos | |||
| Ras-n-las | Guam | |||
| Zàngzhu | Tibetan | Tibet |
Among the modern breeds created specifically for laboratory use are the following:
| Name | Country | Notes | Image |
| Clawn | Japan | bred from 1978 at Kagoshima University from Landrace x Large White, Göttingen Miniature and Ohmini | |
| Czechoslovakia | from the 1980s | ||
| Froxfield Pygmy | United Kingdom | ||
| Germany | bred in the early 1960s at Göttingen University from small Vietnamese pigs and Minnesota Miniature; white variant developed by crossing with German Landrace | ||
| Hanford Miniature | United States | ||
| Lee Sung Miniature Pig | Taiwan | ||
| Mini-Lewe | Czechoslovakia | 1970s | |
| Munich Miniature | Germany | ||
| Ohmini | Japan | bred from the 1940s from Manchurian pigs and Minnesota Miniature | |
| Westran | Australia | 1976 | |
| Yucatan Micropig | |||
| Yucatan Miniature |