Mandarin orange varieties


s are cultivated in many varieties. These include both the original wild mandarins and many hybrid varieties with other Citrus species.

Stem mandarins (''Citrus reticulata'')

  • Mangshan wild mandarins
  • Daoxian mandarines
  • Suanpangan

    Domesticated mandarins and hybrids

Species names are those from the Tanaka system. Recent genomic analysis would place them all in Citrus reticulata, except the C. ryukyuensis hybrids
File:Harvest Kinnow.jpg |thumb |Kinnow, a 'King' × 'Willow Leaf' cross, developed by Dr H.B. Frost
  • Sun Chu Sha
  • Nanfengmiju - one of China's most widely cultivated varieties.
  • Cleopatra mandarin, acidic mandarin containing very small amount of pomelo introgression.
  • Sunki, acidic mandarin containing very small amount of pomelo introgression.
  • Tangerines is a grouping used for several distinct mandarin hybrids. Those sold in the US as tangerines have usually been Dancy, Sunburst or Murcott cultivars. Some tangerine × grapefruit hybrids are legally sold as tangerines in the US.
  • Mediterranean/Willowleaf/Thorny, a mandarin with small amounts of pomelo.
  • Dalanghita is a smaller mandarin endemic widely cultivated in the Philippines. Also known by other local names, naranghita and sintones.
  • Huanglingmiao, a mandarin–pomelo hybrid.
  • Kishumikan, or simply Kishu, a close clonal relative of Huanglingmiao, the two sharing a common origin before diverging as they were propagated
  • * Kunenbo a heterogeneous group that includes at least four distinct mandarin-pomelo hybrids.
  • ** King a Kunenbo mandarin with high levels of pomelo admixture, sometimes classed as a tangor.
  • *** Kinnow, a King × Willowleaf hybrid.
  • ** Satsuma, a mandarin × pomelo hybrid with more pomelo than seen in most mandarins. It derived from a cross between a Huanglingmiao/Kishu and a non-King Kunenbo that was itself a pomelo × Huanglingmiao/Kishu cross. It is a seedless variety, of which there are over 200 cultivars, including Wenzhou migana,, and ; the source of most canned mandarins, and popular as a fresh fruit due to its ease of consumption
  • *** Owari, a well-known cultivar that ripens during the late autumn
  • * Komikan, a variety of Kishumikan
  • The Ponkan, a mandarin–pomelo hybrid
  • * The Dancy tangerine is a hybrid, the cross of a Ponkan with another unidentified hybrid mandarin. Until the 1970s, most tangerines grown and eaten in the US were Dancys, and it was known as "Christmas tangerine" and zipper-skin tangerine
  • ** Iyokan, a cross between the Dancy tangerine and another Japanese mandarin variety, the kaikoukan.
  • Bang Mot tangerine, a mandarin variety popular in Thailand.
  • Shekwasha, a group of clonal citrus that arose from multiple independent natural crosses of C. ryukyuensis with a Sun Chu Sha relative, a very sour mandarin grown for its acidic juice.
  • Tachibana, also a cluster of similar clones, deriving from natural crosses between different individual C. ryukyuensis and a clonal C. reticulata lineage with both northern and southern subspecies contribution.
  • Kinnow, also known as Pakistani mandarin is popular variety in Pakistan and Middle East.

    Mandarin crosses

  • Tangelos, a generic term for modern mandarin × pomelo and mandarin × grapefruit crosses
  • * The Mandelo or 'cocktail grapefruit', a cross between a Dancy/King mixed mandarin and a pomelo. The term is also sometimes used generically, like a tangelo, for recent mandarin × pomelo hybrids.
  • The sour orange derives from a direct cross between a pure mandarin and a pomelo
  • * Lemon, a sour orange × citron hybrid.
  • ** Lime, a lemon × Key lime cross
  • ** Bergamot orange, a lemon × sour orange backcross
  • * Limetta, a distinct sour orange × citron hybrid
  • The common sweet orange derives from a cross between a impure mandarin and pomelo parents
  • * Tangors, or Temple oranges, are crosses between the mandarin orange and the common sweet orange; their thick rind is easy to peel, and its bright orange pulp is sour-sweet and full-flavoured. Some such hybrids are commonly called mandarins or tangerines.
  • ** Clementine, a spontaneous hybrid between a Willowleaf mandarin orange and a sweet orange. sometimes known as a "Thanksgiving Orange" or "Christmas orange", as its peak season is winter; an important commercial mandarin orange form, having displaced mikans in many markets.
  • *** Clemenules or Nules, a variety of Clementine named for the Valencian town where it was first bred in 1953; it is the most popular variety of Clementine grown in Spain.
  • *** Fairchild is a hybrid of Clementine and Orlando tangelo
  • ** Murcott, a mandarin × sweet orange hybrid, one parent being the King.
  • *** Tango is a proprietary seedless mid-late season irradiated selection of Murcott developed by the University of California Citrus Breeding Program.
  • ** Kiyomi is a Satsuma/sweet orange hybrid from Japan
  • *** Dekopon, a hybrid between Kiyomi and ponkan, marketed in the United States as Sumo Citrus
  • * Grapefruit, the result of backcrossing the sweet orange with pomelo
  • * Meyer lemon, a cross between a mandarin × pomelo hybrid and a citron.
  • * Palestinian sweet lime, a distinct × citron hybrid
  • Rangpur lime, a pure-mandarin × citron cross
  • Rough lemon, a pure-mandarin × citron cross, distinct from rangpur
  • Volkamer lemon, a pure-mandarin x citron cross, distinct from rangpur and rough lemon
  • Jabara, a Kunenbo mandarin × yuzu cross.
  • several of the kumquat-hybrid Citrofortunella, including calamansi, citrangequat, orangequat, mandarinquat and sunquat

    Non-mandarins

  • Mangshanyegans, long thought to be mandarins, are a separate species.