List of edge cities

This is a list of edge cities by continent, country and metropolitan area.

Definition

An edge city is a term coined by Joel Garreau's in his 1991 book Edge City: Life on the New Frontier, for a place in a metropolitan area, outside cities' original downtowns, with a large concentration of jobs, office space, and retail space. Originally, Garreau defined edge cities in the North American context, though he gave some examples outside North America. To qualify under Garreau's rules, an edge city:

has five million or more square feet of leasable office space
has 600,000 square feet or more of leasable retail space
has more jobs than bedrooms
is perceived by the population as one place
was nothing like a "city" as recently as 30 years ago. As Garreau stated, " it was just bedrooms, if not cow pastures."

List by country and metropolitan area

This list is incomplete. You can help by expanding it with entries that meet the criteria and that reference a reliable source.
''Note: "Emerging 1991" indicated that Garreau assessed this area as an emerging edge city in his 1991 book.''

Canada

Montreal

Laval

Toronto

Vancouver

Chile

Santiago

Providencia
Sanhattan/Las Condes area

France

Paris

Korea (South)

Seoul

Mexico

Monterrey

Guadalajara

Zapopan

Mexico City

Tijuana

Zona Río: built in the 1980s and the city's new commercial center, the Zona Río and contiguous Agua Caliente submarkets had, in 2016, a total of of office space, in addition to having the city's largest concentration of retail, hospitality, and other commercial facilities, and hospitals.

Turkey

Istanbul

The historic city center is in Fatih and contains historic sites, the Grand Bazaar and adjacent wholesale/retail districts, but is not a modern "central business district" in that it does not have modern retail formats, dense residential and hotel towers, etc. These can be found in the following edge cities with concentrations of office space, malls, residential towers, entertainment and educational facilities, hospitals, etc.:

Taksim-Beyoğlu: Taksim Square in Beyoğlu to Nişantaşı in Şişli
The Istanbul Central Business District as the real estate industry refers to it, which is not the historic city center, but is a 7-km-long north-south corridor of modern areas along Barbaros Boulevard and Büyükdere Avenue. Metro Line 2 runs along part of it. From south to north, the areas in the corridor are:
*in Beşiktaş district:
**Balmumcu
**Gayrettepe incl. Profilo, Astoria and Trump Towers complexes
**Etiler including Boğaziçi University
*in Şişli district:
**Fulya, Otim and the core Şişli neighborhood incl. the İstanbul Cevahir complex
**Esentepe including Zincirlikuyu and the Zorlu Center complex
**Levent including the Metrocity, Özdilekpark and Istanbul Sapphire complexes
*in Sarıyer district:
**Maslak including the İstinye Park complex and the Istanbul Technical University
**the Vadistanbul mall and office complexes in Ayazağa
Istanbul Atatürk Airport area: strip development along the O-7 highway north to the Mall of Istanbul, Bahçelievler district
Asian side:
*Kozyatagi in Kadıköy district incl. Palladium complex
*Altunizade in Üsküdar district, site of the Capitol Shopping Center
*Kavacık in Beykoz district
*Ümraniye district incl. the Akyaka Park, Oryapark and Canpark complexes