Kolech
Kolech, also known as Kolech: Religious Women's Forum, is an Israeli women's organization associated with Orthodox Judaism. The group's stance is aligned with Orthodox Jewish feminism and religious Zionism.
Founding
The group was established in 1998, and it describes its mission as advancing the status and rights of Jewish women in the areas of religious law, leadership, and community life. The group's founder was Chana Kehat, a history and Jewish studies professor, who led the group from 1998 to 2004. The group was founded after Kehat attended the inaugural conference of Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance based in the United States. Other leadership associated with the group include Yael Rockman, an attorney, who served as Kolech Executive Director from 2015 until 2020. The organization is currently led by Efrat Shapira-Rosenberg, the granddaughter of Rabbi Shlomo Goren, a religious Zionist leader and former Chief Rabbi of Israel. The group reportedly has over one thousand members.According to researchers, the social dynamic underlying the foundation and continued activities and support for organizations like Kolech is the tension experienced by women who practice Orthodox Judaism and are also educated and are drawn to feminism. For these women, there is a real obligation to observe Jewish ritual law and to adhere to institutional frameworks which are patriarchal in nature. The tension arises when these individuals want to continue to maintain uncompromising loyalty to their faith, families, and communities, however, at the same time, they want to modify the Jewish religious system to allow a new, egalitarian approach to emerge. The aim of Kolech is to produce new solutions to these social dilemmas, solutions that may possibly combine feminist concepts with patriarchal traditions.
Activism
Women and Torah study
At the time of the founding of Kolech, the main activities were the establishment of conferences for religious women and the weekly publication of articles on Jewish topics, such as the weekly Torah portion. The agenda of Torah study by women and their recognition as Torah scholars is a continuous effort for group members. In 2016, Kolech launched an initiative called "Shabbat Dorshot Tov" which promoted women speakers and scholars in residence in dozens of synagogues across Israel. The project was formed in collaboration with Midreshet Lindenbaum, Matan Women's Institute for Torah Studies, Midreshet Ein HaNetziv, and the Beit Hillel association.Supporting modern Orthodoxy
In 2010, Kolech and other modern Orthodox organization campaigned to prevent the dismissal of a director of rabbinic courts by a committee with a majority of members from ultra-Orthodox backgrounds. The move was understood as an attempt to prevent the increase of ultra-Orthodox control over rabbinic courts.Following a decision made regarding the issue of women praying in a quorum at the Western Wall where a new egalitarian section was established. Kolech objected to the decision stating that Orthodox women who wish to pray in a quorum would only do so in the women's section of the Western Wall plaza, and could not do so in the egalitarian section, as under Orthodox ritual, prayer requires segregation of the sexes.
Kolech has initiated and support efforts to encourage the use of Jewish prenuptial agreements in religious marriage ceremonies in order to mitigate the issue of agunot.