Kali Puja
Kali Puja, also known as Shyama Puja or Mahanisha Puja, is a festival originating from the Indian subcontinent, dedicated to the Hindu goddess Kali. It is celebrated on the new moon day of the Hindu calendar month of Ashwayuja or Kartika. The festival is especially popular in the regions of Barasat, Naihati, Kolkata, Basirhat and Tamluk in West Bengal, Bhagalpur in Bihar's Anga, and other places like
Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, and Tripura. Along with the neighbouring country of Bangladesh.
History
Descriptions of Kali in Sanskrit texts from the late medieval period point to her growing popularity alongside other goddesses. She appears in the vernacular genre of mangalkavya in the 17th century, and the Kalikamangalkavya describes worship to Kali.Kali Puja is a major festival in West Bengal. Kali Puja became widespread in the eighteenth century through patrons. In Bengal during the 18th century, King Krishnachandra of Nadia also made this puja wide spread. Kali Puja saw a surge in popularity in the 19th century, coinciding with the rise in prominence of the Kali devotee Sri Ramakrishna among Bengalis. This period marked a significant shift, as affluent landowners began to sponsor the festival extensively, leading to grander and more elaborate celebrations.
Significance
Kali Puja is a reminder for devotees that they depend on Kali, who can be either compassionate or wrathful, and thus their life is fragile.Worship in Bengal
Kali Puja takes place on the same night as Diwali.During Kali Puja worshippers honor the goddess Kali in their homes in the form of clay sculptures and in pandals. She is worshipped at night with tantric rites and mantras. She is prescribed offerings of red hibiscus flowers, sweets, rice, and lentils. It is prescribed that a worshipper should meditate throughout the night until dawn. Homes and pandals may also practice rites in the Brahmanical tradition with ritual dressing of Kali in her form as Adya Shakti Kali and no animals are sacrificed. She is offered food and sweets made of rice, lentils, and fruits.
However, in Tantric tradition, animals are ritually sacrificed on Kali Puja day and offered to the goddess. A celebration of Kali Puja in Kolkata is held in a large cremation ground. Barasat-Madhyamgram, Tamluk, Ranaghat, Barrackpore, Naihati, Basirhat, areas of South Bengal and Siliguri, Dhupguri, Dinhata, Coochbehar area of North Bengal is well known for their majestic pandals, lightings and Idols. Meanwhile Barasat's Kali Puja celebration is the largest in the entire West Bengal. Durga Puja of Kolkata is often said synonymously with Kali Puja of Barasat. The region experiences Lacs of footfalls during the days of the festival. People from different regions gather to witness the majestic pandals.
The pandals also house images of Kali's consort, Shiva, two famous Bengali Kali devotees named Ramakrishna and Bamakhepa, along with scenes from mythology of Kali and her various forms, including images of the Mahavidyas, sometimes considered as the "ten Kalis." The Mahavidyas is a group of ten Tantric goddesses headed by Kali. People visit these pandals throughout the night. Kali Puja is also the time for magic shows, theater, and fireworks. Recent custom has incorporated wine consumption.
In the Kalighat Temple in Kolkata, Kali is worshipped as Lakshmi on this day. The temple is visited by thousands of devotees who give offerings to the goddess. Another famous temple dedicated to Kali in Kolkata is Dakshineswar Kali Temple, where Sri Rāmakrishna performed rites.
Kali Puja in Bhagalpur
Kali Puja is a significant festival in the Anga region of Bihar, particularly in Bhagalpur. It is also celebrated in other regions of Bihar like Munger, Katihar and Purnea.Bhagalpur's Kali Puja is a cultural vibrance with hundreds of Kali Puja Pandals throughout the district. Bhagalpur city has grand celebrations decked up with lights and pandals and a fervulent procession. The procession is not a new trend here, but a tradition that is followed as trend these days by many. After the puja, around 80-90 idols decks up in a line starting from the Station chowk to Kali visarjan ghat, and the procession with tableau from different puja committees, vibrant Aarti and lightings makes the city joyous and at the same time emotional.
The traditional procession has completed its 71years in 2024. But, it is not the only procession, another procession with around 35-40 idols are taken from the Nathnagar area to Champa nadi ghat. Nonetheless, Bihpur of Bhagalpur has its own grand visarjan with 22 feet idols taken on the shoulders. The Bengali communities and Bari pujas do their ritual processions earlier than the bigger ones.
The largest traditional idol of Bhagalpur is of Bahbalpur Puja committee which is around 32feet. Other big Kali idols include Parbatti Budhiya Kali, Maheshpur Badi Kali, Jarlahi, Budhanath's Bama Kali, etc.