Java Pathfinder
Java Pathfinder is a system to verify executable Java bytecode programs. JPF was developed at the NASA Ames Research Center and open sourced in 2005. The acronym JPF is not to be confused with the unrelated Java Plugin Framework project.
The core of JPF is a Java Virtual Machine. JPF executes normal Java bytecode programs and can store, match and restore program states. Its primary application has been Model checking of concurrent programs, to find defects such as data races and deadlocks. With its respective extensions, JPF can also be used for a variety of other purposes, including
- model checking of distributed applications
- model checking of user interfaces
- test case generation by means of symbolic execution
- low level program inspection
- program instrumentation and runtime monitoring
Extensibility
JPF is an open system that can be extended in a variety of ways. The main extension constructs arelisteners - to implement complex properties peer classes - to execute code at the host JVM level, which is mostly used to implement native methodsbytecode factories - to provide alternative execution semantics of bytecode instructions choice generators - to implement state space branches such as scheduling choices or data value setsserializers - to implement program state abstractionspublishers - to produce different output formatssearch policies - to use different program state space traversal algorithmsJPF includes a runtime module system to package such constructs into separate JPF extension projects. A number of such projects are available from the main JPF server, including a symbolic execution mode, numeric analysis, race condition detection for relaxed memory models, user interface model checking and many more.
Limitations
- JPF cannot analyze Java native methods. If the system under test calls such methods, these have to be provided within peer classes, or intercepted by listeners
- as a model checker, JPF is susceptible to Combinatorial explosion, although it performs on-the-fly Partial order reduction
- the configuration system for JPF modules and runtime options can be complex