Islamic sciences
The Islamic sciences are a set of traditionally defined religious sciences practiced by Islamic scholars, aimed at the construction and interpretation of Islamic religious knowledge.
Different sciences
These sciences include:- [Fiqh|]: Islamic jurisprudence
- [Hadith studies|]: the study of the authenticity of Prophetic traditions or hadith
- *[Biographical evaluation|]: the biographical study of hadith transmitters with the purpose of evaluating their trustworthiness
- [Kalam|] : speculative theology / and some reasoning
- : Arabic grammar
- [Tafsir|]: interpretation of the Qur'an
- *[Naskh (tafsir)|]: the study of abrogation
- [Tajwid|]: rules for the proper recitation of the Qur'an
- *[Qiraat|]: on the various ways in which the Qur'an can be recited
- : Islamic eschatology )
- [Islamic ethics|]: moral ethics was an important subject for Muslim intellectuals in medieval Islam.
In Shiʿi Islam
Shiʿi IslamMany of the same subjects are studied at Shiʿi seminaries, but there are some differences:
- Fiqh
- Ilm al-Hadith
- Ilm al-Kalam
- 'Ilm ar-Rijal
- Lugha
- Tafsir al-Qur'an
- Tarikh
- Ulum al-Qur'an
- ''Usul al-Fiqh''
According to Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali
The celebrated Islamic scholar Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali wrote on Islamic sciences in his well known book The Revival of Religious Sciences. He argued that a Muslim has a religious obligation to know whatever aspects of religious science are necessary for them to obey Shari'ah in doing whatever work it is they do. So, for example, someone working in animal husbandry should know rules concerning zakat; a merchant "doing business in an usurious environment", should learn rules about riba so as "to effectively avoid it". Sciences whose knowledge is wajib kifa'i.Al‑Ghazali considers wajib kifa'i religious sciences to be classified into four groups:
- Usul
- Furu`
- Introductory studies
- Complementary studies