Ibn Athir


Ibn Athīr is the family name of three brothers, all famous in Arabic literature, born at Jazīrat ibn Umar in upper Mesopotamia. The ibn al-Athir brothers belonged to the Shayban lineage of the large and influential Arab tribe Banu Bakr, who lived across upper Mesopotamia, and gave their name to the city of Diyar Bakr.

Brothers

Majd ad-Dīn

The eldest brother, known as Majd ad-Dīn, was long in the service of the amir of Mosul, and was an earnest student of tradition and language. His dictionary of traditions was published at Cairo, and his dictionary of family names has been edited by Ferdinand Seybold.

Diyā' ad-Dīn

The youngest brother ، ضياء الدين ، Diyā' ad-Dīn , served under Saladin from 1191 and his son al-Malik al-Afdal who succeeded him, served in Egypt, Samosata, Aleppo, Mosul and Baghdad. He was one of the most famous aesthetic and stylistic critics of Arabian literature. His works include:
  • "Book of Analysis" or Kitab at-Tahlil published by Bulaq Press in 1865. This contains very independent criticism of ancient and modern Arabic verse.
  • al-Washy al-marḳūm.
  • al-Jāmiʿ al-kabīr, ed. by Muṣṭafā D̲j̲awād and D̲j̲amil Saʿīd.
  • al-Mathal al-sāʾir
  • * ed. by Muḥammad Muḥy al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd, 2 vols.
  • *
  • al-Istidrāk fi ’l-akhdh ʿala ’l-Māʾākhidh al-Kindiyya
  • One of the collections of his Rasāʾil, ed. by Anīs al-Maḳdisī
  • A selection of his letters published by David Samuel Margoliouth are available under the title On the Royal Correspondence of Diyā' ad-Dīn al-Jazarī in the Actes du dixieme congrès international des orientalistes, sect. 3, pp. 7–21.

Ali ibn al-Athir

The most famous brother was Ali ibn al-Athir, who devoted himself to the study of history and Islamic tradition. At the age of twenty-one he settled with his father in Mosul and continued his studies there. In the service of the amir for many years, he visited Baghdad and Jerusalem and later Aleppo and Damascus. He died in Mosul. His world history, the al-Kāmil fi t-tarīkh, extends to the year 1231. It has been edited by Carl Tornberg, Ibn al-Athīr Chronicon quod perfectissinum inscribitur. The first part of this work up to A.H. 310 is an abbreviation of the work of Tabari with minor additions. Ibn Athīr also wrote a history of the Atabegs of Mosul at-Tarīkh al-atabakīya, published in the Recueil des historiens des croisades ; a work giving an account of 7,500 companions of the Muslim prophet Muhammad, and a compendium of Samani's Kitāb ui-A n.~db.