Hebrews 9

Hebrews 9 is the ninth chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author is anonymous, although the internal reference to "our brother Timothy" causes a traditional attribution to Paul, but this attribution has been disputed since the second century and there is no decisive evidence for the authorship. This chapter contains the exposition about the ministry of the first covenant and Christ's effective sacrifice.

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 28 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

Papyrus 46
Papyrus 17
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
Codex Freerianus
Codex Claromontanus
Old Testament references
:
The Earthly Sanctuary (9:1–10)

The chapter opens with a contrast between 'the old and new covenants by reviewing the structure and rituals of the tabernacle'.

Verse 1

Verse 2

Verse 3

Verse 4

Verse 5

"Mercy seat" is translated from the Greek word hilasterion, which specifically means the lid of the Ark of the Covenant. The only other occurrence of hilasterion in the New Testament is in Romans 3:25, where the KJV translates it as "propitiation".
The Ritual of the Heavenly Sanctuary (9:11-14)

The defining moment in current situation is when 'Christ came' as High Priest to fulfill the symbolized act of yearly ritual.

The New Covenant (9:15-22)

The Greek word diathēkē has a range of meaning from 'contract' or 'treaty' to 'will' or 'testament', which is elaborated in legal language in this section.

Verse 15

Cross reference for Jesus Christ as 'mediator' is, and the designation of Christians as 'called' is ; ; ;, and the phrase 'partners in a heavenly calling' is stated in 3:1. The promise of an 'inheritance' in 'ordinary legal usage' implies 'the death of a testator', who in this case then 'redeems' "the heirs from their transgressions".

Verse 22

"Almost all things": rendered in Arabic version as "all except a few things", interpreted by John Gill that "some things were cleansed by water, and others purged by fire".
"Without shedding of blood there is no remission": also found in Jewish literature as "there is no atonement but by blood"
The New Heavenly Sacrifice (9:23-28)

The new description of Christ's 'heavenly' action in this part is balanced by the incorporation of the 'image of ritual purification' from the previous verses.

Verses 27-28

Verse 27 is traditionally interpreted as the impossibility of reincarnation in Christian religions, that concerns both:

Jesus Christ God, after His Ascension to Heaven at the right hand of God the Father almighty;
any human being after his death, immediately undergone by the particular judgment.