Hari
Hari is among the primary epithets of the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu, meaning 'the one who takes away'. It refers to the one who removes darkness and illusion, the one who removes all obstacles to spiritual progress.
The name Hari also appears as the 650th name of Vishnu in the Vishnu Sahasranama of the Mahabharata and is considered to be of great significance in Vaishnavism.
Etymology
The Sanskrit word "हरि" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "*ǵʰel- to shine; to flourish; green; yellow" which also gave rise to the Persian terms zar 'gold', Greek khloros 'green', Slavic zelen 'green' and zolto 'gold', as well as the English words yellow and gold.The same root occurs in other Sanskrit words like haridrā, 'turmeric', named for its yellow color.
In Hinduism, beginning with Adi Sankara's commentary on the Vishnu sahasranama, hari became etymologized as derived from the verbal root hṛ "to grab, seize, steal", in the context of Vaishnavism interpreted as "to take away or remove evil or sin", and the name of Vishnu rendered as "he who destroys samsara", which is the entanglement in the cycle of birth and death, along with ignorance, its cause; compare hara as a name of Shiva, translated as "seizer" or "destroyer".
In Indian religions
In Hinduism
- The Harivamsha is a text in both the Purana and Itihasa traditions.
- As the name of tawny-colored animals, hari may refer to lions, bay horses, or monkeys. The feminine Harī is the name of the mythological "mother of monkeys" in the Sanskrit epics.
- Harihara is the name of a fused deity form of both Vishnu and Shiva in Hinduism.
- Hari is the name of a class of gods under the fourth Manu in the Puranas.
- Haridasa is the Hari-centered bhakti movement from Karnataka.
- In the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition, Hari is a name of both Krishna and Vishnu, invoked in the Hare Krishna mahamantra.
- The Hari Stuti is a hymn in praise of Vishnu composed by Adi Shankara.
- The Hari Stotra is a Sanskrit hymn.
- Hari Om is a mantra and greeting.
In Sikhism
ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਹੈ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਵੈ ਕੋਇ ॥In the Varan Bhai Gurdas, an early explanation and interpretation of Sikh theology, Bhai Gurdas also associates the name "ਹਰਿ" in the form of Hari Krishan in the Dwapur Yuga with the letter "ਹ" in "ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ".
Hari, Hari, Hari, Hari is the Name ; rare are those who, as Gurmukh, obtain it.
However, in the context of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the name "Hari" refers to the one monotheistic God of Sikhism, as similar to "Hari" is used in Vaishnavism for Parabrahman as well. However Sarabloh Granth and Dasam Granth call Krishna as Hari several times. Krishna creates several Krishna during his avatar during Ras Leela which is what Guru Ram Das mentioned in Adi Granth that Hari himself creates several Kanha for the Gopis and he himself becomes those Gopis.