Gareth Powell
Gareth Powell was a Welsh-born Australian publisher, journalist, author, and editor.
During the 1960s, Powell was managing director of two London publishing houses, Mayflower Books and then the New English Library, and achieved a measure of notoriety for publishing Fanny Hill for the former and The Carpetbaggers for the latter. In 1967 he and his family emigrated to Australia. There he published magazines and books, introducing new standards of production quality to the Australian market.
After problems with the importation of Chance — an issue was barred by Australian Customs on the grounds of obscenity and upheld by court order — Powell moved his business to Hong Kong where his magazines were printed. He continued, however, to write and publish books, copy, and magazines for Australian and international personal computing and travel markets. During the 1980s and 1990s he also wrote columns for the Sydney Morning Herald, becoming their computer/technology editor and later travel editor and supplements editor. He left the Herald after a September 1994 Media Watch episode identified allegedly plagiarised material under his byline, insertions which, according to Powell, had been made by a junior colleague while he was on leave.
After leaving the Herald, he continued to write books on personal computing, motoring and travel, as well as columns for a range of old and new media.
Biography
Early life and career
Gareth Powell was born in Caerwys, North Wales on 26 May 1934. He was the seventh child of Calvinist Methodists Thomas Norman Powell, an Inspector of Schools, and his wife Blodwyn. When Powell was two, his family moved to Pontypridd, and then when nine to Wallasey. He was expelled from school at the age of 15.On turning 17, he joined the British Army as a regular soldier, where he served in the field security stream of the Intelligence Corps for two years and a half years, including in Malaya, and attaining the rank of sergeant. After discharge, he worked in various jobs including as a truck driver and circus hand, before joining local paper Wallasey and Wirral Chronicle in 1955.
London publishing
Powell moved to London, where he worked for two years on a weekly trade magazine. By 1960 he had worked as an editor for Four Square Books. He subsequently worked for paperback publisher Panther Books, before becoming a founding member of Mayflower Books.Mayflower Books
launched in 1961 under American publishers Feffer & Simons, Inc., with Powell as managing director. It published a mix of original and reprinted works, with its opening slate being William Saroyan's Rock Wagram, Richard Gehman's Sinatra and His Rat Pack, a Dixon of Dock Green novel, and Something Fresh by Wodehouse. Mayflower also published paperback editions of science fiction works, starting with Player Piano by Kurt Vonnegut, as well as approximately two film tie-ins each month.During the production of the fourth issue of satirical magazine Private Eye from late 1961 to early 1962, Powell provided the creative team with a free room in Mayflower's Covent Garden warehouse. According to Powell, he was gifted a 5% share of the magazine in recompense, but sold it shortly afterward to Peter Cook, who took over the magazine in June 1962.
By late 1962, Mayflower's biggest success was the UK paperback edition of Richard Gehman's Sinatra and His Rat Pack, with 300,000 copies sold. Even so, the firm did not have the resources to buy the rights to any major title, in particular the UK rights for The Carpetbaggers, by Harold Robbins.
Mayflower was sold to Dell Publishing in 1963, with Powell and Lionel V. Fennelly becoming joint managing directors. Powell handled editorial and promotional responsibilities, and Fennelly handled administrative, commercial and sales responsibilities.
''Fanny Hill''
In November 1963, Mayflower published an unexpurgated paperback edition of the original 1748–49 version of John Cleland's erotic novel Fanny Hill. Police raided G. Gold & Son's Magic Shop in London, seized 171 copies, and charged the retailers under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act of 1959, which allowed for trial without jury. Mayflower decided to cover Gold's legal costs, and asked that as publisher of the work they be charged under Section 2 of the Act, which as in the case of the 1960 trial for Lady Chatterley's Lover, would have required a jury trial. This request was denied on the grounds that "it would be less oppressive to the publishers".Despite supportive testimony of many expert witnesses, the recency of the Profumo affair, Gold's association with the "Soho smut market", and the book's low 3s 6d cover price all contributed to a guilty verdict after two minutes' consideration by magistrate Sir Robert Blundell. After liberals, the media, and the literary world protested, and an all-party motion in Parliament condemned the verdict, the Obscene Publications Act was altered to give publishers the right for a trial by jury. Mayflower issued a bowdlerized edition of the novel, as did other publishers. Although Mayflower offered to accept returns, only 250 of their 82,000 copy run were so returned.
New English Library
At the start of 1964, Powell moved from Mayflower to become managing director of the New English Library.''The Carpetbaggers''
Powell soon scored a coup in securing the British paperback rights for bestselling novel The Carpetbaggers. He did this partly by offering author Harold Robbins, whose previous UK paperbacks had been published by Corgi, the massive advance of when the standard payment of the time was approximately. The rights were acquired by NEL's Four Square imprint. Most rivals thought that Powell and Four Square had erred.Four Square published its British paperback edition of The Carpetbaggers in early 1964. Unlike the expurgated hardcover "Commonwealth Edition" published in London by Anthony Blond the previous year, NEL's version was unexpurgated; this was banned in South Africa in 1965, and threatened with being banned or restricted in New Zealand, the unexpurgated work having already been banned in Australia since 1961. Paradoxically, those bans had the effect of raising public awareness of the book and ultimately contributed to increased sales when the bans were ended.
Powell had a taste for flamboyant promotion of the books he published. As part of his publicity campaign, he brought Robbins to London in early February 1964. The author, too, believed in the role of promotion in making a book a bestseller. Peter Haining, then an editorial director at NEL, recalled that Robbins "pressed the flesh, and he was very good at it... He realized that publicity was the thing, and he worked hard to create an impression". The novel was promoted as a fictionalised version of the life of eccentric entrepreneur Howard Hughes. The book's bright red covers were decorated with sexy illustrations on both front and back, a banner on the front proclaiming "Over 5,000,000 copies sold", and the back cover trumpeting "The Carpetbaggers is the bestseller all America is reading and talking about". By March 1965 The Carpetbaggers was at number three on the British best-seller list.
Departure from NEL
The New English Library's only profitable year was 1964, when The Carpetbaggers was published. Victor Weybright, co-founder of the parent New American Library, became critical of Powell, whom Weybright states had assured him "that he knew nothing of arithmetic", and who "talked more about his Rolls-Royce than about the business". Weybright continues that, on the night of the 1966 UK General Election, Powell:...parked his Rolls-Royce conspicuously in front of Annabel's, the nightclub, which occurred to him as a splendid way to celebrate a socialist victory... – a young man in a Liberty-print shirt, with a Rolls-Royce, who had openly described himself as a lout, but with no company bank account except for deposits from New York and California to cover deficits and keep the enterprise alive. His notion of progress was to publish more and more Playboy trivia and Girodias pornography — with a bit of warmed up egghead stuff from NAL in the U.S.A.
Powell did not renew his contract in early 1967, and was succeeded as managing director by editorial director Christopher Shaw. NEL tried to "shake off the Powell image". It announced that it would cut output from around 50 titles a month to 36, and would further reduce that to 18 by early 1968. Irving Wardle, the English writer and theatre critic, noted in the New York Times Book Review:
If the boom is ending, one can date it to the departure for Australia this year of Gareth Powell. He paid huge advances on the assumption that it only needed spectacular salesmanship to achieve an even vaster readership. He largely supplied the salesmanship himself with the aid of a Rolls-Royce and a helicopter. And he stood for no nonsense about literature: Marketing books was no different from marketing a can of beans. Told by his American employer, "You're not in show business, Gareth," he replied. "Well, we bloody well ought to be." Powell was not a popular figure among the old-style bookmen, and terms ranging from "whizz-kid" to "lout" were freely bandied about in print.
The Powell of this period provided partial inspiration along with John Lennon and John Bloom for the titular character in Hunter Davies's 1970 novel The Rise and Fall of Jake Sullivan, with all three having achieved "enormous success" from humble beginnings.
Early Australian-based publishing
Emigration
Powell had mentioned during a November 1966 visit to Australia that he was considering settling there because he liked "the idea of Australia's classless society", and elsewhere that he would leave the UK for either America or Australia because he "didn't like the atmosphere".In 1967, he emigrated to Australia with his wife, their children, the Rolls-Royce and — not having been cleared by Britain to export more — only in capital. He had applied for assisted passage — "If I can get ... I'd be silly not to, wouldn't I?" — but this application was refused after direct intervention by Immigration Minister Billy Snedden, who stated "People of affluence are not entitled to an assisted passage". By the following year, Powell was driving a Holden.