Firsts in animation


This list provides an overview of animated productions that can be considered as first-time milestones in the development of animation techniques or in artistic or commercial success.

Early animation techniques

17th to 19th century: Before film

YearMilestoneNotes
1659Introduction of the magic lanternby Christiaan Huygens, with moving images
1825Introduction of the thaumatropeby John Ayrton Paris
1833Introduction of the phenakistiscopeThe first device used for stroboscopic animation. Invented simultaneously by Joseph Plateau and Simon Stampfer
1866Introduction of the zoetropeSimilar cylindrical animation devices had already been proposed by Simon Stampfer and William Horner
1868Flip book patentedby John Barnes Linnett, under the name of "kineograph"
1877Introduction of the praxinoscopeby Charles-Émile Reynaud
1892First theatrical animation in long stripsReynaud's Théâtre Optique at the Musée Grévin

Silent era

YearMilestoneNotes
1898Animation on standard filmstripIntroduced by Gebrüder Bing for toy projectors, lithographed in colour by 1902
1914Application for cel animation patentBy Earl Hurd, granted in 1915
1915Application for Rotoscope patentBy Max Fleischer, granted 1917

Earliest animations by country

Techniques

Animation

Format, process and sound

Reception

Accolades

Box office records

Other milestones