Fibrinopeptide
The fibrinopeptides, fibrinopeptide A and fibrinopeptide B, are peptides which are located in the central region of the fibrous glycoprotein fibrinogen and are cleaved by the enzyme thrombin to convert fibrinogen into covalently-linked fibrin monomers. The N-terminal FpA is cleaved from the Aα chains of fibrinogen and FpB from the Bβ chains of fibrinogen, with FpA released before FpB. Subsequent to their formation, fibrin monomers are converted to cross-linked fibrin polymers by the action of thrombin-activated factor XIII, and these fibrin polymers form the backbone of a thrombus. Hence, the fibrinopeptides are sensitive markers of fibrinogenesis, thrombin activity, and coagulation.
FpA is a 16-amino acid peptide. The half-life of FpA is very short at approximately 3 to 5 minutes. Hence, FpA levels provide a relatively transient measure of coagulation activation.
Levels of FpA increase with age. FpA levels also gradually increase throughout pregnancy. Likewise, FpA levels have been reported to increase with estrogen therapy, including with combined birth control pills and menopausal hormone therapy, although research on FpA levels with these therapies appears to be relatively limited.