Emilio M. Garza

Emilio Miller Garza is a former United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and former United States District Judge of the United States [District Court for the Western District of Texas].

Education and career

Born in San Antonio, Texas, Garza graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1969, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree there in 1969 and a Master of Arts in 1970. He then joined the United States Marine Corps, in which he was an officer from 1970 to 1973. Garza earned his Juris Doctor at the University of [Texas School of Law] in 1976. He was an attorney in private practice with the law firm of Clemens, Spencer, Welmaker & Fink in San Antonio between 1976 and 1986. He was a Judge of the Bexar County, Texas Two Hundred and Twenty-Fifth District Court from 1987 to 1988

On February 2, 1988, President Ronald Reagan nominated Garza to the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, to fill the seat vacated by William S. Sessions. The Senate confirmed Garza's nomination on April 19, 1988, and Garza received his commission the following day. His service terminated on June 7, 1991, due to elevation to the court of appeals.
On April 11, 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Garza to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit vacated by Thomas Morrow Reavley, and he was confirmed by the Senate on May 24, 1991, receiving his commission on May 30, 1991. Judge Garza assumed senior status August 1, 2012 and retired on January 5, 2015.

Garza was mentioned as a potential nominee to the United States Supreme Court. In fact, he was interviewed in 1991 for the vacancy created by the retirement of Justice Thurgood Marshall. That seat ultimately went to Justice Clarence Thomas.

Special concurrence in Fisher v. University of Texas, 631 F.3d 213
Strong dissent in Fisher v. University of Texas, 758 F.3d 633
Dissenting from denial of rehearing en banc in Reliable Consultants, Inc. v. Earle, 538 F.3d 355
Majority opinion in Comacho v. Texas Workforce Commission, 408 F.3d 229
Majority opinion in U.S. v. Bird, 401 F.3d 633
Majority opinion in Wallace v. County of Comal, 400 F.3d 284
Majority opinion in Sierra Club v. Peterson, 228 F.3d 559
Majority opinion in Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, 195 F.3d 242
Majority opinion in United States v. Navarro, 169 F.3d 228
Majority opinion in United States v. Castillo, 179 F.3d 321
Special concurrence in Flores v. Johnson, 210 F.3d 456
Special concurrence in Causeway Med. Suite v. Ieyoub, 109 F.3d 1096
Concurring opinion Doe v. Hillsboro Independent School District, 113 F.3d 1412

In 2010, Garza joined Judges Edith Brown Clement and Priscilla Owen in affirming the dismissal of the complaint in Doe v. Silsbee [Independent School District]. The plaintiff was a cheerleader who was ordered by her high school to cheer for her alleged rapist, a basketball player named Rakheem Bolton. H.S. refused and was kicked off the team. She sued, claiming a violation of her First Amendment right to free speech. The Eastern District of Texas, Judge Thad Heartfield, granted the school district's motion to dismiss, and Judges Clement, Garza, and Owen affirmed. H.S. was ordered to pay the school $45,000 in legal fees for filing a "frivolous" lawsuit.