Haplogroup E-Z827

E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-L19subclades, and defines their common phylogeny. The former is predominantly found in East Africa; the latter is most frequently around the Mediterannean Sea,. E-Z827 is also found at lower frequencies in Europe, and in isolated parts of Southeast Africa.

Subclades of E-Z827 and Distribution

Family Tree

The following phylogeny is based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research as summarized by ISOGG.

E-Z827 - E1b1b1b
*E-L19 - E1b1b1b1
**E-PF2431
***E-PF2438
****E-Y10561
*****E-FGC18981
******E-FGC38527
******E-Y35933
******E-FGC18960
*******E-Y33020
*******E-FGC18958
****E-PF2440
*****E-PF2471
******E-BY9805
**E-M81
***E-M81*
***E-M165 - Found only in Israel and Germany.
***E-Y596059 - Found only in Iraq.
***E-CTS4236 - Found only in Syria.
****E-CTS6256 - Found in Europe and North Africa.
*****E-PF2548
******E-PF2546
*******E-PF2546*
*******E-CTS12227
********E-MZ11
*********E-MZ12
*******E-A929
********E-Z5009
*********E-Z5009*
*********E-Z5010
*********E-Z5013
**********E-Z5013*
**********E-A1152
********E-A2227
*********E-A428
*********E-MZ16
********E-PF6794
*********E-PF6794*
*********E-PF6789
**********E-MZ21
**********E-MZ23
**********E-MZ80
********E-A930
********E-Z2198/E-MZ46
*********E-A601
*********E-L351
*E-Z830 - E1b1b1b2
**E-M123
***E-M34
****E-M84
*****E-M136
****E-M290
****E-V23
****E-L791
**E-V1515
***E-V1515*
***E-V1486
****E-V1486*
****E-V2881
*****E-V2881*
*****E-V1792
*****E-V92
****E-M293
*****E-M293*
*****E-P72
*****E-V3065*
***E-V1700
****E-V42
****E-V1785
*****E-V1785*
*****'''E-V6'''
E-L19 (E1b1b1b1)

To date, only two immediate downstream subclades of E-L19 have been recognized: E-PF2431 and E-M81.

'''E-M81'''

E-M81 is the dominant subclade of E-L19, accounting for more than 99% of its carriers. It has three main branches: E-M165, carried exclusively by a German and an Israeli; E-Y596059, carried by a Syrian from Damascus and an Iraqi Al Anbar; and E-CTS4236, carried exclusively by a Syrian from Quneitra, nearly all branches of E-M81 today derives from E-CTS4236. It is thought to have originated in the Near East, roughly 13,000 years ago, with subsequent expansions into Europe and North Africa occurring either about 1,000 years ago via Arab populations or around 3,000 years ago through Phoenician movements.

This distribution has been usually explained as a consequence of a westward expansion from the Near East and this event probably occurred in recent times, possibly about 2 kya . We calculated the forensic indexes including only the E-M81 subjects and we could observe an even more enhanced clinal pattern .

This haplogroup has been identified in a variety of historically significant populations, including the ancient Phoenicians from Malaka and Selinunte, Medieval Arab communities from Al-Andalus and the Emirate of Sicily, as well as among the indigenous population of the Canary Islands.

ID	Language	Culture	Country	Location	Date	Study
I19190	Semitic	Phoenician	Italy	Selinunte	700-400BC	Ringbauer at al. 2025
I3682	Semitic	Punico-Roman	Spain	Lucena	300-400AD	Carrion et al. 2024
I21367	Semitic	Punico-Roman	Spain	Malaga	416-700AD	Carrion et al. 2024
GUN012	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Tenerife	593-660 AD	Rodriguez-Varela et al. 2017
SP7089	Semitic	Andalusian	France	Narbonne	637-765 AD	Gleize et al. 2016
SP7080	Semitic	Andalusian	France	Narbonne	684-761 AD	Gleize et al. 2016
78	Semitic	Andalusian	Spain	Pamplona	680-780 AD	de Miguel bánez 2016
107	Semitic	Andalusian	Spain	Pamplona	680-780 AD	de Miguel Ibanez 2016
GUN011	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Tenerife	704-887 AD	Rodriguez-Varela et al. 2017
GOG23	Semitic	Andalusian	Spain	Vall Uixo	706-888 AD	Oteo-Garcia et al. 2024
CAN02	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	La Gomera	774-994 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
ST2933	Indo-European	Flemish	Belgium	Sint Truiden	1020-1160 AD	Beneker et al. 2025
CAN048	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Tenerife	1028-1162 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
GUN002	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Tenerife	1031-1159 AD	Rodriguez-Varela et al. 2017
SGBN3	Semitic	Andalusian	Italy	Segesta	1050-1215 AD	Monnereau et al. 2024
SGBN1	Semitic	Andalusian	Italy	Segesta	1050-1220 AD	Monnereau et al. 2024
112644	Semitic	Andalusian	Spain	Sagunto	1100-1300 AD	Olalde et al. 2019
112649	Semitic	Andalusian	Spain	Sagunto	1100-1300 AD	Olalde et al. 2019
CAN012	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Gran Canaria	1169-1265 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
PT23221	Semitic	Andalusian	Portugal	Santarem	1200-1300 AD	Roca-Rada et al. 2024
CAN023	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Gran Canaria	1221-1278 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
CAN041	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Tenerife	1228-1297 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
CAN001	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Tenerife	1272-1388 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
CAN030	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	La Gomera	1288-1396 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
CAN025	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Gran Canaria	1303-1410 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
CAN043	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Gran Canaria	1322-1437 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
CAN042	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Tenerife	1327-1440 AD	Serrano et al. 2023
CAN045	Unknown	Guanche	Spain	Gran Canaria	1444-1625 AD	Serrano et al,.2023
ELW036	Indo-European	German	Germany	Ellwangen	1486-1627 AD	Immel et al. 2021
GOG59	Indo-European	Andalusian	Spain	Vall Uixo	1501-1600 AD	Oteo-Garcia et al. 2024
PT22190	Indo-European	Portuguese	Spain	Aveiro	1701-1800 AD	Roca-Rada et al. 2024

'''E-PF2431'''

E-PF2431 is a minor subclade of E-L19 mostly found in Europe, with smaller but notable frequencies in the Middle East/North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. This haplogroup has been identified among Phoenicians from Motya, ancient Romans from Pompeii, and Medieval Arabs.

E-Z830 (E1b1b1b2)

A recently confirmed sub-clade of E-Z827, Z830, includes the confirmed sub-clades of E-M123, E-M293, and E-V42, and is a sibling clade to E-L19. Currently, the E-M35 phylogeny project recognizes four distinct clusters of Z830* carriers, two of which are exclusively Jewish in origin. The remaining two are significantly smaller, and include scattered individuals in Germany, Spain, Latin America, Egypt, and Ethiopia.

E-M123

E-M123 is mostly known for its major subclade E-M34, which dominates this clade.

E-V1515

A new clade was defined by Trombetta et al. 2015, which originated about 12 kya in eastern Africa where it is currently mainly distributed. This clade includes all the sub-Saharan haplogroups reported as E-M35 basal clades in a previous phylogeny.

We observed the highest frequency and diversity of this haplogroup in the northern part of the Horn of Africa, where the majority of the deepest E-V1515 subhaplogroups and paragroups were found. In the southern part of the Horn, haplogroup E-V1515 is almost exclusively represented by the recent subhaplogroup E-V1486. Further south, in southern Kenya and southern Africa, a single E-V1486 terminal clade, known as E-M293, was found. This phylogeographic pattern is strongly suggestive of human movements from the northern part of the Horn to the Ethiopian/Kenyan borders between 12 ka and 3.5 ka, and from here toward southern Africa across the equatorial belt in more recent times.

Multiple instances of commercially observed E-V1515 have also been detected in Arabia.

E-M293

E-M293 is a subclade of E-V1515. It was identified by ISOGG as the second clade within E-Z830. It was discovered before E-Z830 and is associated with the spread of pastoralism from Eastern Africa by South Cushites into Southern Africa. So far high levels have been found in specific ethnic groups in Tanzania and Southern Africa. Highest were the Datog, Khwe , Burunge, and Sandawe. Two Bantu-speaking Kenyan males were found with the M293 mutation.
Other E-M215 subclades are rare in Southern Africa. The authors state...

Without information about M293 in the Maasai, Hema, and other populations in Kenya, Sudan, and Ethiopia, we cannot pinpoint the precise geographic source of M293 with greater confidence. However, the available evidence points to present-day Tanzania as an early and important geographic locus of M293 evolution.

They also say that "M293 is only found in sub-Saharan Africa, indicating a separate phylogenetic history for M35.1 * samples further north".
E-P72. This is a subclade of E-M293.