Kalimantan

Kalimantan is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area, and consists of the provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. In Indonesia the whole island of Borneo is also called "Kalimantan".
In 2019, President of Indonesia Joko Widodo proposed that Indonesia's capital be moved to Kalimantan. The People's Consultative Assembly approved the Law on State Capital in January 2022. The future capital, Nusantara, is a planned city that will be carved out of East Kalimantan. A government official said construction is expected to be fully complete by 2045, but the unfinished capital officially celebrated Indonesian Independence Day for the first time and it was scheduled to be inaugurated as the capital city on 17 August 2024, but the move did not take place due to delays of construction.

Etymology

The name Kalimantan is derived from the Sanskrit word Kalamanthana, which means "burning weather island" or "very hot island", referring to its hot and humid tropical climate. It consists of the two words Kāla and manthan. The native people of the Indonesian Borneo referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantan or "Kalimantan" when the sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with them. Due to Europeans encountering the Bruneian Sultanate in the north part of the island during the Age of Exploration, the entire island has come to be called Borneo in English, with Kalimantan being known as Indonesian Borneo, but this name is not used in Indonesia itself.
In the early twentieth century, the British colonist Charles Hose described Kalimantan as being home to a "Klemantan people", but this term is no longer in use as Kalimantan has always had many ethnic groups.

Area

The Indonesian territory makes up 73% of the island by area, and 72.1% of its 2020 population of 23,053,723. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are of Brunei and East Malaysia, the latter comprising the states of Sabah and Sarawak, and the federal territory of Labuan.
Kalimantan's total area is.
The widespread deforestation and other environmental destruction in Kalimantan and other parts of Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide.

Administrative divisions

Kalimantan is now divided into five provinces. It was administered as one province between 1945 and 1956, but in 1956 it was split into three provinces – East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan; then in 1957, the province of Central Kalimantan was created when it was split away from the existing South Kalimantan. There remained four provinces until 25 October 2012, when North Kalimantan was split off from East Kalimantan. These are listed below with their areas in km² and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.
^{* excluding North Kalimantan, split off from East Kalimantan with resulting population and area loss for the 2015 census.}

Demographics

Ethnic groups

Number of the largest population of ethnic groups according to the 2010 census:

Ethnicity	West Kalimantan	Central Kalimantan	South Kalimantan	North and East Kalimantan	Total
Banjarese	14,430	464,260	2,686,627	440,453	3,605,770
Dayaks	1,531,989	1,029,182	80,708	351,437	2,993,316
Javanese	427,238	478,393	523,276	1,069,605	2,498,512
Malays	1,484,085	87,348	3,681	6,053	1,581,167
Buginese	137,282	17,104	101,727	735,819	991,932
Madurese	274,869	42,668	53,002	46,823	417,362
Chinese	358,451	5,130	13,000	32,757	409,338
Kutainese	-	-	-	275,696	275,696
Sundanese	49,530	28,580	24,592	55,659	158,361
Bataks	26,486	12,324	12,408	37,145	88,363
Others	80,996	42,378	114,971	485,056	723,401
Total	4,385,356	2,207,367	3,613,992	3,536,503	13,743,218

Religion

Number of the largest population of religious groups according to the 2010 census:

Religion	West Kalimantan	Central Kalimantan	South Kalimantan	North Kalimantan	East Kalimantan	Total
Islam	2,603,318	1,643,715	3,505,846	378,478	2,655,227	10,786,584
Protestantism	500,254	353,353	47,974	109,358	228,022	1,238,961
Roman Catholic	1,008,368	58,279	16,045	29,366	109,263	1,221,321
Hinduism	2,708	11,149	16,064	288	7,369	37,578
Buddhism	237,741	2,301	11,675	3,879	12,477	268,073
Confucianism	29,737	414	236	175	905	31,467
Other religions	2,907	138,419	16,465	25	824	158,640
Not Stated	671	220	3	454	1,497	2,845
Not Asked	10,279	4,239	12,308	2,633	12,903	42,362
Total	4,395,983	2,212,089	3,626,616	524,656	3,028,487	13,787,831

Number of the largest population of religious groups in 2023:

Religions	Total
Islam	13,566,483
Protestant	1,608,857
Roman Catholic	1,573,067
Buddhism	335,722
Hinduism	187,035
Confucianism	17,376
Aliran Kepercayaan	11,151
Overall	17,299,691