De Cive
De Cive is one of Thomas Hobbes's major works. The book was published originally in Latin from Paris in 1642, followed by two further Latin editions in 1647 from Amsterdam. The English translation of the work made its first appearance four years later under the title Philosophicall rudiments concerning government and society.
It anticipates themes of the better-known Leviathan. The famous phrase bellum [omnium contra omnes] appeared first in De Cive.
Background
De Cive is the first of a trilogy of works written by Hobbes dealing with human knowledge, the other two works in the trilogy being De Corpore, published in 1655, and De Homine, published in 1658. Because of the political turmoil of the time, namely the unrest leading up to the English [Civil War|Civil War] of 1642, Hobbes hastily "ripened and plucked" the work which would systematically come last: De Cive. This work comprises three parts: Libertas, Imperium, and Religio. In the first part, he describes man's natural condition, dealing with the natural laws; in the second, the necessity of establishing a stable government is indicated. Finally, in the third part, he writes about religion.Publication
De Cive was finished in November 1641 – before the English Civil War. The book was published in Latin in 1642; a revised edition appeared in 1647. It was translated into English, entitled Philosophicall Rudiments Concerning Government and Society. John Aubrey testifies that Hobbes translated part of the work into English himself with such success that an intended translator would rather leave Hobbes to do the job; it is not certain whether this was indeed the case.The edition of the work by H. Warrender is at present standard.