Colic


Colic or cholic is a form of pain that starts and stops abruptly. Colic pain is usually caused by the obstruction of a smooth muscle passageway in the body. The obstruction triggers muscular contractions to force the blockage out of the organ, resulting in episodic pain that fluctuates with the contractions. Although the term primarily refers to pain caused by this mechanism, any pain which occurs in episodes or fluctuates in intensity may be termed colic or colicky pain.
Colic episodes can cause extreme pain, nausea, sweating, and vomiting. The blockage of important passageways in the body can lead to severe and potentially fatal complications if not cleared, such as cholecystitis in the case of biliary colic, or in kidney stone disease. Although the action of peristalsis can sometimes clear such blockages without medical intervention, surgery or other medical therapies designed to remove the obstruction may be necessary for treatment of the condition.

Terminology

The term is and was first used in the sense of an acute, episodic abdominal pain in the Promptorium Parvulorum, completed sometime around 1440. In the modern day, the term is more often used to refer to baby colic, a condition in infants of excessive crying which typically does not have an organic cause. The usage of the term colic in this latter sense became prevalent by the mid-20th century in pediatric journals.

Examples