Castigation

Castigation or chastisement is the infliction of severe punishment. One who administers a castigation is a castigator or chastiser.
According to an etymology recorded by Thomas Aquinas,
castigation specifically meant restoring one to a religiously pure state, called chastity. In ancient Rome,
could refer to actions by the magistrate called a censor, who castigated in the name of the pagan state religion but with the authority of the 'pious' state.
Christianity adopted this terminology but roughly restricted it to the physical sphere: chastity became a matter of approved sexual conduct, castigation usually meaning physical punishment, either as a form of penance, as a voluntary pious exercise or as educational or other coercion, while the use for other punishments is now often perceived as metaphorical.
Self-castigation is applied by the repentant culprit to himself, for moral and/or religious reasons, notably as penance.