Bangladesh Television
Bangladesh Television, commonly known by its acronym BTV, is the state-owned television network of Bangladesh. The network was originally established as the East Pakistan branch of Pakistan Television in 1964. It was rebranded right after the independence of Bangladesh. BTV is the oldest Bengali-language television network in the world, as well as the oldest television network in Bangladesh, and is sister to the radio broadcaster Bangladesh Betar, which, along with BTV, are both owned and operated by the government.
Bangladesh Television is the country's only television network provided on terrestrial television. It is primarily financed through television licence fees. Although it has produced many award-winning programs, it has often been accused of being the mouthpiece of the government and panned for its lack of quality programming. Both the headquarters and the administrative building of Bangladesh Television are located at Rampura in Dhaka.
Prior to the late 1990s, Bangladesh Television was the sole television broadcaster provided in Bangladesh. It was a very successful network in terms of viewership until the launch of several satellite television channels, which led to the network's downfall and stagnation, mostly because it was used for spewing government propaganda for a long period of time. Reporters Without Borders dubbed Bangladesh Television, along with Bangladesh Betar, as a "government propaganda outlet".
Bangladesh Television operates two main television stations, BTV Dhaka and BTV Chittagong, and fourteen relay stations all over Bangladesh. The network also has one specialized television channel, BTV News. It is a member of the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union and Asiavision, and is an associate member of the European Broadcasting Union. Bangladesh Television also plans to launch six more television channels. The network formerly had an international television channel, BTV World, which was launched in 2004. BTV can be received via satellite throughout Asia and parts of Europe and Africa. Bangladesh Television is also the sister network of Sangsad Television, a parliamentary television channel. BTV Dhaka broadcasts eighteen hours a day on terrestrial television, and twenty-four hours a day on satellite television. BTV Chittagong broadcasts on a full-day basis daily.
History
1964–1971: Pakistan Television era
BTV first commenced transmissions on 25 December 1964 at 19:00, as a pilot project in the then East Pakistan under the name Pilot Television Dacca, airing a song titled "Oi Je Akash Nil Holo Aaj/Shei Shudhu Tomar Preme", sung by singer Ferdausi Rahman. Mordecai Cohen was the first announcer on BTV. One of the first broadcasts on the station was also the announcement, "Accept our best wishes, pilot television, Dhaka, 10 Poush 1371", using the Bengali calendar date rather than the Gregorian one. It broadcast from the DIT Bhaban on a three- to four-hour basis, with broadcasting equipment provided by NEC. It was originally supposed to be launched on 1 October.After three months on the air, it was officially converted into a service of Pakistan Television on 25 March 1965. It only broadcast six days a week, while being closed on Mondays. This was Pakistan Television's second television station after the one in Lahore. The first drama telecast on PTV's Dacca television station, Ektala Dotala, written by Munier Choudhury, was aired in 1965. The reality television series Notun Kuri premiered on the station in 1966. It was later taken off the air, although the series would return to the air in 1976. The first television commercial on PTV Dacca was aired in 1967 for a detergent soap 707. The same year, Pakistan Television's eastern branch was converted to an autonomous corporation. The station initially broadcast on VHF channel 9, but moved to channel 6 and increased its signal on 27 October 1968. There were also plans to establish relay stations in Khulna, Rajshahi, and Chittagong.
On 4 March 1971, the Dacca station of Pakistan Television was unofficially renamed "Dacca Television", and television celebrities refused to work for Pakistani television as the East Pakistanis struggled for autonomy. On 23 March 1971, three days before Bangladesh was declared an independent state, Dacca Television began displaying the flag of Bangladesh and playing the Bangladeshi national anthem, Amar Sonar Bangla, rather than the Pakistani flag and national anthem, despite special programming being arranged on the occasion of Pakistan Day.
Threats were made by Pakistani authorities that if the flag of Pakistan was not displayed on television, then Bengali workers would be barred from entering the television center. However, pro-Bangladesh songs were aired on Dacca Television on the night of 23 March instead. Dacca Television later signed off the next day at 00:01 following an announcement by Masuma Khatun. No programming was broadcast on that day in order to protest Pakistani intervention. As a result, the Pakistan Armed Forces took control of the DIT Bhaban on 26 March but was attacked by the Mukti Bahini. At that moment, people joined to fight for the independence of East Pakistan through its television industry.
1971–1997: Independence and government monopoly
After the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Pakistan Television's Dacca television station was renamed Bangladesh Television Corporation Dacca, officially losing its affiliation with PTV. Bangladesh Television's logo appeared on the television screen for the first time on 17 December 1971. Major A.T.M. Haider announced the victory of Bangladesh in the separation war on Bangladesh Television on the same day during the afternoon. Official broadcasts using the name also began that day at 19:00.Jamil Chowdhury was the first director general of Bangladesh Television. A signature tune for the station was later made, being based on Dhanadhanya pushpo bhora amader ei boshundhora, a patriotic song written by Bengali poet Dwijendralal Ray. The next year, the autonomous corporation was converted into a fully government-owned department on 15 September, being renamed again as Bangladesh Television Dacca, known just as Bangladesh Television or BTV. The network established its first television station outside Dhaka in Natore in 1974.
On 9 February 1975, the offices and studios were shifted to the newly built headquarters located at Rampura in Dacca with newer technology. Operations from the Rampura headquarters building commenced on 6 March of that year. The then president of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, visited the new headquarters building on 18 May 1975. A while following the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, four BTV officials, including one of the founders of the network and then deputy general director, Monirul Alam, were killed on 7 November 1975. By 1975, BTV increased its broadcasting schedule to four hours daily. At the time, the transmissions of BTV Dacca covered areas around Comilla, Faridpur, Mymensingh, and Tangail besides Dacca. It increased its broadcasting schedule again to five and a half hours daily the following year.
In 1977, Fazle Lohani created a new magazine show for BTV based on The David Frost Show on BBC, Jodi Kichhu Mone Na Koren, which ended right after his death. It later expanded its broadcasting schedule to six hours daily in 1979. Bangladesh Television commenced color transmissions on 1 December 1980, being inaugurated by President Ziaur Rahman, marking the first official full-time color broadcasts in South Asia. In 1984, Bangladesh Television merged with Bangladesh Betar to form the National Broadcasting Authority. As of 1986, BTV broadcast for 9 hours on weekdays and 14 hours on weekends, usually during the evenings. It also aired special programming on Fridays, as well as during national and religious holidays.
It began relaying broadcasts of CNN and BBC in 1992, marking the first presence of foreign television in Bangladesh. In 1994, BTV telecasted its first private production, a one-hour play, Prachir Periye, directed by Atiqul Haque Chowdhury. A commission for the formulation of the autonomy policy of Bangladesh Television, as well as Bangladesh Betar, was founded in September 1996 in order to reform Bangladeshi state media. It issued a report recommending granting BTV its autonomy the next year on 30 June. The network established its Chittagong station on 19 December 1996. In May 1997, Bangladesh Television received an Asiavision Award for its coverage of the cyclone that occurred in that year.
1997–2024: Decline of BTV and rise of private television
Bangladesh Television was the sole television broadcaster in Bangladesh until the launch of ATN Bangla on satellite television in 1997, and Ekushey Television on terrestrial in 2000. As competition grew over the years, BTV declined and stagnated, and privately owned television channels gained more popularity among locals. However, up to 2003, Bangladesh Television had established fourteen relay stations, covering 93% of the country. In 2004, Bangladesh Television began international satellite broadcasts via BTV World. In March 2005, Ferdous Ara Begum was appointed the first female Director General of BTV. In April 2005, the Bangladeshi adaptation of Sesame Street, Sisimpur, debuted on BTV, which still airs the series as of today. Due to a power outage caused by the North Indian Ocean cyclone on 17 November 2007, BTV temporarily ceased transmissions for nearly three hours that day.A new license office was inaugurated at the headquarters of BTV in 2008, according to a press release. In 2009, the government of Bangladesh decided to reserve terrestrial television frequencies in the country solely for Bangladesh Television. The BBC World Service developed two television series for BTV, Bishaash and BBC Janala Mojay Mojay Shekha, to promote the English language to Bangladeshi audiences. Both series premiered on the network in October 2010.
Its sister, Sangsad Television, was launched on 25 January 2011, which simultaneously broadcasts live programming from the Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban. On the same day, BTV commenced experimental broadcasts on digital terrestrial television in Dhaka, Chittagong, and Khulna. BTV was available for streaming on phones through Teletalk's 3G services in October 2012. On 5 November 2012, to compete with privately owned local television channels, BTV began broadcasting for 24 hours via satellite television, while still retaining the 18-hour broadcast on terrestrial.
In June 2014, an unused frequency of BTV was scrapped as it disrupted 3G services of mobile operators in Bangladesh. On 24 June 2014, as lightning struck on the tower of Bangladesh Television's Patuakhali relay station, terrestrial broadcasts from there temporarily halted, as a result of the damages caused by the lightning. BTV, along with GTV and Maasranga Television, broadcast the 2016 Asia Cup. Bangladesh Television opened the country's first television museum on 1 December 2016.
BTV, along with Maasranga Television and Nagorik, was the broadcaster of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Bangladesh. The network began broadcasting in India via DD Free Dish on 2 September 2019, via the Bangabandhu-1 satellite. To celebrate BTV's 55th anniversary in 2019, privately owned Channel i organized a special program in its headquarters, which was broadcast on both networks. BTV inaugurated two new digital studios on 8 February 2020, at the BTV Bhaban, as a part of the network's renaissance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, BTV, along with Sangsad Television, began broadcasting educational programming for secondary-level students. It had also reaired some of its classic television series. BTV announced the establishment an educational channel to make remote learning more effective on students, which was also planned way back in 2008.
On 8 February 2021, Sohrab Hossain was appointed as Bangladesh Television's new director general. On 13 March 2021, Bangladesh Television announced that they will be establishing 6 more regional stations, which was originally to be accomplished by 2023. The network officially launched its app in May 2021, in which four channels, including BTV Dhaka, BTV Chittagong, BTV World, and Sangsad Television, can be streamed worldwide. It also planned to launch its own DTH service soon. Bangladesh Television inaugurated its high definition broadcasts on its 57th anniversary in 2021. On the same day, a Bangabandhu Corner dedicated to the then president of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was inaugurated at the headquarters of Bangladesh Television.
In May 2022, the Government of Bangladesh ordered the broadcast of BTV's channels in airports across the country. The High Court of Bangladesh revived the trial for the four BTV officials killed in 1975 on 31 August 2022, lifting a stay order issued on 25 April 2010. In October 2022, Bangladesh Television began airing the first 2D animated series fully produced in Bangladesh, Jungle Mangal. In November 2022, with the cost of 980 million BDT, Bangladesh Television gained the rights to air the 2022 FIFA World Cup held in Qatar. As there were allegations of corruption against the chief engineer of the television network, the Anti-Corruption Commission raided the headquarters of Bangladesh Television on 16 May 2023. In June 2023, Jahangir Alam was appointed as the new director general of Bangladesh Television.