Anuruddha
Anuruddha was a monarch of Dvaravati’s Arimadhanaburi, identified by modern scholar with Nakhon Pathom. He is principally attested in the Pali Jinakalamali as the ruler who orchestrated the overthrow of Manohanaraj at Ayojjhapura, the principal city of Qiān Zhī Fú at Si Thep. The account, which also references Camadevi of Haripuñjaya, situates Anuruddha’s reign approximately in the mid to late 7th century.
During his reign, Anuruddha actively pursued both political and religious legitimacy. Following the military successes of Qiān Zhī Fú’s Rajadhiraj, who had previously invaded Lampang of Haripuñjaya and acquired the black stone Buddha images of Sikhī, Anuruddha sought to bring these symbols of sacred authority to Arimadhanaburi. When Manohanaraj, Rajadhiraj’s successor, refused his request for one of the Sikhī images, Anuruddha launched a decisive campaign against Ayojjhapura, resulting in the capture of Manohanaraj and the transfer of two Sikhī Buddha images to Arimadhanaburi. Subsequently, Anuruddha returned these Buddha images to Haripuñjaya during the reign of Camadevi, who then gave it to her son, Hanayos, king of Lampang.
Scholarly discussion concerning Anuruddha’s identity has arisen due to phonetic and chronological ambiguities. His name bears a resemblance to Anawrahta, the 11th-century monarch of Pagan, a similarity that has occasionally led to chronological confusion, although the two figures are historically distinct. Some researchers have further proposed a tentative identification of Anuruddha with the precede Kalavarnadisharaja of Lavo. However, this hypothesis appears temporally inconsistent, as the narrative situates Anuruddha in Nakhon Pathom after the enthronement of Kalavarnadisharaja's daughter, Camadevi, at Haripuñjaya, but in fact, Kalavarnadisharaja ruled at Lavo at the time mentioned.