94th United States Congress
The 94th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1975, to January 3, 1977, during the last two years of Gerald Ford's presidency.
This is the most recent Congress with a Republican senator from Hawaii, Hiram Fong, and Democratic senators from Utah and Wyoming, Frank Moss and Gale W. McGee. Fong retired and the other two lost re-election at the end of the 94th Congress.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1970 [United States census]. The Democrats not only maintained their majorities in the House and Senate, but would increase their numbers to supermajority status in both chambers.
Major events
Image:1975 State of the Union Address.jpg|thumb|275px|President Gerald Ford with Vice President Nelson Rockefeller and House Speaker Carl Albert during the 1975 [State of the Union Address], January 15, 1975- January 15, 1975: 1975 State of the Union Address
- April 30, 1975: Fall of Saigon
- June 10, 1975: The Rockefeller Commission issued its report on CIA abuses, recommending a joint congressional oversight committee on intelligence.
- September 5, 1975: Failed assassination attempt against President Ford by Lynette Fromme
- September 22, 1975: Another failed assassination attempt against President Ford by Sara Jane Moore
- July 4, 1976: United States Bicentennial
- November 2, 1976:
- * 1976 United States House of Representatives elections and 1976 United States Senate elections: Democrats retain congress
- * 1976 United States presidential election: Jimmy Carter elected President
- December 12, 1976: Congressional Hispanic Caucus formed
Major legislation
- March 29, 1975: Tax Reduction Act of 1975,,
- May 23, 1975: Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act,,
- November 29, 1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act,,
- December 22, 1975: Energy Policy and Conservation Act,,
- December 23, 1975: Metric Conversion Act,
- December 23, 1975: Revenue Adjustment Act,,
- December 31, 1975: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act,,
- February 5, 1976: Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act,,
- April 13, 1976: Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act,,
- May 11, 1976: Federal Election Campaign Act,,
- June 30, 1976: Arms Export Control Act,,
- September 13, 1976: Government in the Sunshine Act,,
- September 14, 1976: National Emergencies Act,,
- September 30, 1976: Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act,,
- October 11, 1976: Toxic Substances Control Act,,
- October 12, 1976: Overhaul of vocational education programs,
- October 19, 1976: Copyright Act of 1976,,
- October 21, 1976: Federal Land Policy and Management Act,,
- October 21, 1976: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,,
- October 21, 1976: Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act,,
- October 22, 1976: National Forest Management Act,,
Leadership
Senate
- President: Nelson Rockefeller
- President pro tempore of [the United States Senate|President pro tempore]: James Eastland
- Permanent Acting President pro tempore: Lee Metcalf
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield
- Majority Whip: Robert Byrd
- Democratic Caucus Secretary: Frank Moss
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: J. Bennett Johnston
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Hugh Scott
- Minority Whip: Robert P. Griffin
- Republican Conference Chairman: Carl Curtis
- Republican Conference Secretary: Robert Stafford
- National Senatorial Committee Chair: Ted Stevens
- Policy Committee Chairman: John Tower
House of Representatives
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Tip O'Neill
- Majority Whip: John J. McFall
- Chief Deputy Majority Whip: John Brademas
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Phillip Burton
- Democratic Caucus Secretary: Patsy Mink
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Wayne Hays, until June 18, 1976
- * James C. Corman, from June 18, 1976
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: John Jacob Rhodes
- Minority Whip: Robert H. Michel
- Republican Conference Chairman: John B. Anderson
- Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Samuel L. Devine
- Republican Conference Secretary: Jack Edwards
- Policy Committee Chairman: Barber Conable
- Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt
Caucuses
- Congressional Black Caucus
- Congressional Hispanic Caucus
- House Democratic Caucus
- Senate Democratic Caucus
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1976; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1978; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1980.Delaware">List of United States senators from Delaware">Delaware
Kansas">List of United States senators from Kansas">Kansas
Mississippi">List of United States senators from Mississippi">Mississippi
New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York
South Carolina">List of United States senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
West Virginia">List of United States senators from West Virginia">West Virginia
House of Representatives
Many of the congressional districts are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.Delaware">List of United States representatives from Delaware">Delaware
Kansas">List of United States representatives from Kansas">Kansas
Mississippi">List of United States representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi
New York">List of United States representatives from New York">New York
South Carolina">List of United States representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina
West Virginia">List of United States representatives from West Virginia">West Virginia
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.Senate
- Replacements: 9
- * Democratic: no net change
- * Republican: 1 seat net gain
- Deaths: 1
- Resignations: 6
- Vacancy: 0
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 3
- * Democratic: 3 seat net loss
- * Republican: 2 seat net gain
- Deaths: 2
- Resignations: 2
- Contested election: 0
- '''Total seats with changes: 4'''
Committees
Special or select
- Church Committee : July 27, 1975 – May 19, 1976; replaced by Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
- Joint Committee on Arrangements for the Bicentennial: September 5, 1975 – October 1, 1976
Senate
- Aging (Special)
- Aeronautical and Space Sciences
- Agriculture and Forestry
- * Environment, Soil Conservation and Forestry
- * Agricultural Credit and Rural Electrification
- * Agricultural Production, Marketing and Stabilization of Prices
- * Rural Development
- * Foreign Agricultural Policy
- Appropriations
- * Agriculture and Related Agencies
- * Defense
- * District of Columbia
- * Foreign Operations
- * HUD-Independent Agencies
- * Interior
- * Labor, Health, Education and Welfare
- * Legislative
- * Military Construction
- * Public Works
- * State, Justice, Commerce and the Judiciary
- * Transportation
- * Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services
- * Intelligence
- * Preparedness Investigating
- * National Stockfile and Naval Petroleum Reserves
- * Military Construction Authorization
- * Arms Control
- * Tactical Air Power
- * Research and Development
- * General Legislation
- * Manpower and Personnel
- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
- * Oversight
- * Housing and Urban Affairs
- * Financial Institutions
- * Securities
- * International Finance
- * Production and Stabilization
- * Consumer Affairs
- * Small Business
- Budget
- Commerce
- * Aviation
- * Communications
- * Consumer
- * Environment
- * Foreign Commerce and Tourism
- * Merchant Marine
- * Oceans and Atmosphere
- * Surface Transportation
- * Science, Technology and Commerce
- * Oil and Natural Gas Production and Distribution
- * To Study Textile Industry
- * the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway
- * Freight Car Shortage
- District of Columbia
- Finance
- * Health
- * Foundations
- * International Trade
- * International Finance and Resources
- * Private Pension Plans
- * Social Security Financing
- * Energy
- * Financial Markets
- * Revenue Markets
- * Administration of the Internal Revenue Code
- * Supplemental Security Income
- Foreign Relations
- * European Affairs
- * Far Eastern Affairs
- * Multinational Corporations
- * Arms Control and Security Agreements
- * Oceans and International Environment
- * Western Hemisphere Affairs
- * Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
- * Foreign Assistance and Economic Policy
- * African Affairs
- Government Operations
- * Investigations
- * Intergovernmental Relations
- * Reports, Accounting and Management
- * Overnight Procedures
- * Federal Spending Practices, Efficiency and Open Government
- Interior and Insular Affairs
- * Energy Research and Water Resources
- * Environment and Land Resources
- * Indian Affairs
- * Minerals, Materials and Fuels
- * Parks and Recreation
- * Legislative Oversight
- * Integrated Oil Operations (Special)
- Judiciary
- * Administrative Practice and Procedure
- * Antitrust and Monopoly
- * Constitutional Amendments
- * Constitutional Rights
- * Criminal Laws and Procedures
- * FBI Oversight
- * Federal Charters, Holidays and Celebrations
- * Immigration and Naturalization
- * Improvements in Judicial Machinery
- * Internal Security
- * Juvenile Delinquency
- * Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights
- * Penitentiaries
- * Rufugees and Escapees
- * Revision of Codification
- * Separation of Powers
- Labor and Public Welfare
- * Labor
- * The Handicapped
- * Education
- * Health
- * Employment, Poverty and Migratory Lands
- * Children and Youth
- * Aging
- * Alcoholism and Narcotics
- * Arts and Humanities
- * National Science Foundation
- * Human Resources
- Nutrition and Human Needs (Select)
- Post Office and Civil Service
- * Ex-Officio Members of Postal Appropriations
- * Civil Service Policies and Practices
- * Compensation and Employment Benefits
- * Postal Operations
- National Emergencies and Delegated Emergency Powers (Special)
- Public Works
- * Environmental Pollution
- * Panel on Environmental Science and Technology
- * Economic Development
- * Water Resources
- * Transportation
- * Disaster Relief
- * Buildings and Grounds
- Rules and Administration
- * Standing Rules of the Senate
- * Privileges and Elections
- * Printing
- * Library
- * Smithsonian Institution
- * Restaurant
- * Computer Services
- Intelligence Activities (Select)
- Senate Committee System
- Small Business (Select)
- Standards and Conduct (Select)
- To Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activities (Select)
- Termination of the National Emergency (Special)
- Veterans' Affairs
- * Compensation and Pensions
- * Health and Hospitals
- * Housing and Insurance
- * Readjustment, Education and Employment
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Aging (Select)
- Agriculture
- * Livestock and Grains
- * Tobacco
- * Cotton
- * Dairy and Poultry
- * Family Farms and Rural Development
- Appropriations
- * Agriculture and Related Agencies
- * Defense
- * District of Columbia
- * Foreign Operations
- * HUD-Independent Agencies
- * Interior
- * Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
- * Legislative
- * Military Construction
- * Public Works
- * State, Justice, Commerce and Judiciary
- * Transportation
- * Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services
- * Research and Development
- * Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials
- * Military Compensation
- * Military Installations and Facilities
- * Military Personnel
- * Investigations
- * Intelligence
- Banking and Currency
- * Domestic Monetary Policy
- * Housing and Community and Development
- * Economic Stabilization
- * Consumer Affairs
- * International Development Institutions and Finance
- * Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
- * International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy
- * General Oversight and Renegotiation
- * Historic Preservation and Coinage
- Budget
- Crime (Select)
- District of Columbia
- * Commerce, Housing and Transportation
- * Education, Labor and Social Services
- * Government Operations
- * Judiciary
- * Fiscal Affairs
- * The Bicentennial, The Environment and the International Community
- Education and Labor
- * Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education
- * Labor-Management Relations
- * Labor Standards
- * Manpower, Compensation, Health and Safety
- * Select Education
- * Postsecondary Education
- * Equal Opportunities
- * Agricultural Labor
- Government Operations
- * Legislation and National Security
- * Intergovernmental Relations and Human Resources
- * Conservation, Energy and Natural Resources
- * Government Activities and Transportation
- * Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs
- * Manpower and Housing
- * Government Information and Individual Rights
- House Administration
- * Accounts
- * Elections
- * Library and Memorials
- * Printing
- * Electrical and Mechanical Office Equipment
- * Personnel and Police
- * Contracts
- * Parking
- * Paper Conservation
- * Computer (Ad Hoc)
- * Restaurant (Ad Hoc)
- House Beauty Shop (Select)
- Intelligence (Select)
- Insular Affairs
- * National Parks and Recreation
- * Water and Power Resources
- * Energy and the Environment
- * Territorial and Insular Affairs
- * Mines and Mining
- * Indian Affairs
- * Public Lands
- International Relations
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce
- * Communications
- * Oversight and Investigations
- * Energy and Power
- * Health and the Environment
- * Consumer Protection and Finance
- * Transportation and Commerce
- Judiciary
- * Immigration, Citizenship and International Law
- * Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice
- * Monopolies and Commercial Law
- * Administrative Law and Governmental Relations
- * Civil and Constitutional Rights
- * Crime
- * Criminal Justice
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- * Merchant Marine
- * Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment
- * Coast Guard and Navigation
- * Oceangraphy
- * Panama Canal
- Missing Persons in Southeast Asia (Select)
- Modernization of House Gallery Facilities (Special)
- Outer Continental Shelf (Ad Hoc/Select)
- Post Office and Civil Service
- * Manpower and Civil Service
- * Postal Service
- * Postal Facilities, Mail and Labor Management
- * Retirement and Employee Benefits
- * Employee Political Rights and Intergovernmental Programs
- * Census and Population
- Professional Sports (Select)
- Public Works and Transportation
- * Aviation
- * Economic Development
- * Investigations and Review
- * Public Buildings and Grounds
- * Surface Transportation
- * Water Resources
- Regulate Parking (Select)
- Rules
- Science and Technology
- * Energy Research, Development and Demonstration (Fossil Fuels)
- * Space Science and Applications
- * Science, Research and Technology
- * Domestic and International Scientific Planning and Analysis
- * Energy Research, Development and Demonstration
- * Environment and the Atmosphere
- * Aviation and Transportation R&D
- Small Business
- * Energy and Environment
- * Government Procurement and International Trade
- * Activities of Regulatory Agencies
- * SBA and SBIC Legislation
- * SBA Oversight and Minority Enterprise
- * Commodities and Services
- * Antitrust, the Robinson-Patman Act and Related Matters (Ad Hoc)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Veterans' Affairs
- * Compensation, Pension and Insurance
- * Education and Training
- * Hospitals
- * Housing
- * Cemeteries and Burial Benefits
- Ways and Means
- * Social Security
- * Health
- * Unemployment Compensation
- * Trade
- * Public Assistance
- * Oversight
- Whole
Joint committees
- Arrangements for the Commemoration of the Bicentennial of the United States of America
- Atomic Energy
- Congressional Operations
- Defense Productions
- Economic
- Internal Revenue Taxation
- The Library
- Printing
Employees
Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress">Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: George Malcolm White
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary
- Comptroller General of the United States: Elmer B. Staats
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Alice M. Rivlin, from February 24, 1975
- Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin, from November 12, 1975
- Public Printer of the United States: Thomas F. McCormick
Senate
- Chaplain: Edward L.R. Elson
- Curator: James R. Ketchum
- Historian: Richard A. Baker, from 1975
- Parliamentarian: Murray Zweben
- Secretary: Francis R. Valeo
- Librarian: Roger K. Haley
- Secretary for the Majority: J. Stanley Kimmitt
- Secretary for the Minority: W. F. Hildenbrand
- Sergeant at Arms: William H. Wannall, until December 18, 1975
- * Frank "Nordy" Hoffman, from December 18, 1975
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Edward G. Latch
- Clerk: W. Pat Jennings, until November 15, 1975
- * Edmund L. Henshaw Jr., from November 15, 1975
- Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
- Parliamentarian: William H. Brown
- Reading Clerks: Joe Bartlett, Charles W. Hackney Jr.
- Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
- Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth R. Harding