68th United States Congress
The 68th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1923, to March 4, 1925, during the last months of Warren G. Harding's presidency, and the first years of the administration of his successor, Calvin Coolidge. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.
Both chambers maintained a Republican majority—albeit greatly reduced from the previous Congress and with losing supermajority status in the House—and along with President Harding, the Republicans maintained an overall federal government trifecta.Major events
- August 2, 1923: President Warren G. Harding dies, and Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes President of the United States
- December 3–5, 1923: The election for the House speakership takes 9 ballots
Major legislation
- April 26, 1924: Seed and Feed Loan Act
- May 19, 1924: World War Adjusted Compensation Act, Sess. 1, ch. 157,
- May 24, 1924: Rogers Act
- May 26, 1924: Immigration Act of 1924, Sess. 1, ch. 190,
- May 29, 1924: Indian Oil Leasing Act of 1924
- June 2, 1924: Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, Sess. 1, ch. 233,
- June 2, 1924: Revenue Act of 1924, Sess. 1, ch. 234,
- June 3, 1924: Inland Waterways Act of 1924
- June 7, 1924: Pueblo Lands Act of 1924
- June 7, 1924: Oil Pollution Act of 1924,, ch. 316,
- June 7, 1924: Clarke–McNary Act, Sess. 1, ch. 348,
- January 30, 1925: Hoch–Smith Resolution
- January 31, 1925: Special Duties Act
- February 2, 1925: Air Mail Act of 1925
- February 12, 1925: Federal Arbitration Act
- February 16, 1925: Home Port Act of 1925
- February 24, 1925: Purnell Act
- February 27, 1925: Temple Act
- February 28, 1925: Classification Act of 1925
- February 28, 1925: Federal Corrupt Practices Act
- March 2, 1925: Judiciary Act of 1925
- March 3, 1925: River and Harbors Act of 1925
- March 3, 1925: Helium Act of 1925
- March 4, 1925: Establishment of the United States Navy Band
- March 4, 1925: Probation Act of 1925
Constitutional amendments
- June 2, 1924: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would specifically authorize Congress to regulate "labor of persons under eighteen years of age", and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
- * This amendment, commonly known as the Child Labor Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below.Senate
Leadership
Senate
- President: Calvin Coolidge, until August 3, 1923; vacant thereafter.
- President pro tempore: Albert B. Cummins
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority leader: Charles Curtis
- Majority whip: Wesley L. Jones
- Republican Conference Secretary: James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.
- National Senatorial Committee Chair: George H. Moses
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority leader: Joseph T. Robinson
- Minority whip: Peter G. Gerry
- Democratic Caucus Secretary: William H. King
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Frederick H. Gillett elected December 5, 1923, after 9 rounds of balloting
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority leader: Nicholas Longworth
- Majority Whip: Albert H. Vestal
- Republican Conference Chairman: Sydney Anderson
- Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: William R. Wood
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader: Finis J. Garrett
- Minority Whip: William Allan Oldfield
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Henry Thomas Rainey
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Arthur B. Rouse
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.Senate
Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1928; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1924; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1926.Arizona">List of United States senators from Arizona">Arizona
Arkansas">List of United States senators from Arkansas">Arkansas
California">List of United States senators from California">California
Colorado">List of United States senators from Colorado">Colorado
Connecticut">List of United States senators from Connecticut">Connecticut
Delaware">List of United States senators from Delaware">Delaware
Florida">List of United States senators from Florida">Florida
Georgia">List of United States senators from Georgia">Georgia
Idaho">List of United States senators from Idaho">Idaho
Illinois">List of United States senators from Illinois">Illinois
Indiana">List of United States senators from Indiana">Indiana
Iowa">List of United States senators from Iowa">Iowa
Kansas">List of United States senators from Kansas">Kansas
Kentucky">List of United States senators from Kentucky">Kentucky
Louisiana">List of United States senators from Louisiana">Louisiana
Maine">List of United States senators from Maine">Maine
Maryland">List of United States senators from Maryland">Maryland
Massachusetts">List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
Michigan">List of United States senators from Michigan">Michigan
Minnesota">List of United States senators from Minnesota">Minnesota
Mississippi">List of United States senators from Mississippi">Mississippi
Missouri">List of United States senators from Missouri">Missouri
Montana">List of United States senators from Montana">Montana
Nebraska">List of United States senators from Nebraska">Nebraska
Nevada">List of United States senators from Nevada">Nevada
New Hampshire">List of United States senators from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
New Jersey">List of United States senators from New Jersey">New Jersey
New Mexico">List of United States senators from New Mexico">New Mexico
New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York
North Carolina">List of United States senators from North Carolina">North Carolina
North Dakota">List of United States senators from North Dakota">North Dakota
Ohio">List of United States senators from Ohio">Ohio
Oklahoma">List of United States senators from Oklahoma">Oklahoma
Oregon">List of United States senators from Oregon">Oregon
Pennsylvania">List of United States senators from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
Rhode Island">List of United States senators from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
South Carolina">List of United States senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
South Dakota">List of United States senators from South Dakota">South Dakota
Tennessee">List of United States senators from Tennessee">Tennessee
Texas">List of United States senators from Texas">Texas
Utah">List of United States senators from Utah">Utah
Vermont">List of United States senators from Vermont">Vermont
Virginia">List of United States senators from Virginia">Virginia
Washington">List of United States senators from Washington">Washington
West Virginia">List of United States senators from West Virginia">West Virginia
Wisconsin">List of United States senators from Wisconsin">Wisconsin
Wyoming">List of United States senators from Wyoming">Wyoming
House of Representatives
The names of representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by their district numbers.Arizona">List of United States representatives from Arizona">Arizona
Arkansas">List of United States representatives from Arkansas">Arkansas
California">List of United States representatives from California">California
Colorado">List of United States representatives from Colorado">Colorado
Connecticut">List of United States representatives from Connecticut">Connecticut
Delaware">List of United States representatives from Delaware">Delaware
Florida">List of United States representatives from Florida">Florida
Georgia">List of United States representatives from Georgia">Georgia
Idaho">List of United States representatives from Idaho">Idaho
Illinois">List of United States representatives from Illinois">Illinois
Indiana">List of United States representatives from Indiana">Indiana
Iowa">List of United States representatives from Iowa">Iowa
Kansas">List of United States representatives from Kansas">Kansas
Kentucky">List of United States representatives from Kentucky">Kentucky
Louisiana">List of United States representatives from Louisiana">Louisiana
Maine">List of United States representatives from Maine">Maine
Maryland">List of United States representatives from Maryland">Maryland
Massachusetts">List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
Michigan">List of United States representatives from Michigan">Michigan
Minnesota">List of United States representatives from Minnesota">Minnesota
Mississippi">List of United States representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi