54th United States Congress
The 54th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1897, during the last two years of Grover Cleveland's second presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. The House had a Republican majority, and the Republicans were the largest party in the Senate.
Major events
- May 27, 1896: 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado: The costliest and third deadliest tornado in U.S. history levels a mile wide swath of downtown St. Louis, Missouri, incurring over $10,000,000 in damages at contemporaneous prices, killing more than 255 and injuring over 1,000 people.
- November 3, 1896: U.S. presidential election, 1896: Republican William McKinley defeats Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan. This is regarded as a realigning election, that ended the old Third Party System and started the Fourth Party System
- February 19, 1897: United States Copyright Office established as a department in [Library of Congress|the United States House Committee on the Library|Library of Congress].
Major legislation
- May 21, 1896: Oil Pipe Line Act, ch. 212,
- May 22, 1896: Condemned Cannon Act,
- May 28, 1896: United States Commissioners Act,
- June 1, 1896: Married Women's Rights Act,
- June 6, 1896: Filled Cheese Act,
- January 13, 1897: Stock Reservoir Act,,
- March 2, 1897: Tea Importation Act,,
States admitted
- January 4, 1896: Utah was admitted as the 45th state.
Party summary
This count identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.Leadership
Senate
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Republican Conference Chairman: Charles H. Grosvenor
- Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Babcock
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: David B. Culberson
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Charles James Faulkner
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1898; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1900; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1896.Georgia">List of United States senators from Georgia">Georgia
Maine">List of United States senators from Maine">Maine
Nebraska">List of United States senators from Nebraska">Nebraska
Oregon">List of United States senators from Oregon">Oregon
Vermont">List of United States senators from Vermont">Vermont
House of Representatives
The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.Georgia">List of United States representatives from Georgia">Georgia
Maine">List of United States representatives from Maine">Maine
Nebraska">List of United States representatives from Nebraska">Nebraska
Oregon">List of United States representatives from Oregon">Oregon
South Dakota">List of United States representatives from South Dakota">South Dakota
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Washington">List of United States representatives from Washington">Washington
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.Senate
Two seats were added when Utah was admitted and one seat was filled late.House of Representatives
There were 4 deaths, 2 resignations, 13 election challenges, 1 new seat, and 4 seats vacant from the previous Congress. Democrats had a 10-seat net loss; Republicans had a 12-seat net gain; and Populists had a 2-seat net gain.Committees
Senate
- Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Appropriations
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Canadian Relations
- Census
- Civil Service and Retrenchment
- Claims
- Coast Defenses
- Commerce
- Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Engrossed Bills
- Enrolled Bills
- Epidemic Diseases
- Establish a University in the United States
- Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service
- Finance
- Fisheries
- Five Civilized Tribes of Indians
- Foreign Relations
- Forest Reservations
- Geological Survey
- Immigration
- Indian Affairs
- Indian Depredations
- International Expositions
- Interstate Commerce
- Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands
- Judiciary
- Library
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
- Mississippi River and its Tributaries
- National Banks
- Naval Affairs
- Nicaragua Canal
- Organization, Conduct and Expenditures of the Executive Departments
- Pacific Railroads
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Potomac River Front
- Printing
- Private Land Claims
- Privileges and Elections
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Health and National Quarantine
- Public Lands
- Railroads
- Revision of the Laws
- Revolutionary Claims
- Rules
- Tariff Regulation
- Tennessee Centennial Exposition
- Territories
- Transportation and Sale of Meat Products
- Transportation Routes to the Seaboard
- Trespassers upon Indian Lands
- Whole
- Woman Suffrage
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- Alcoholic Liquor Traffic
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Claims
- Coinage, Weights and Measures
- Disposition of Executive Papers
- District of Columbia
- Education
- Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress
- Elections No.#1
- Elections No.#2
- Elections No.#3
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in the Agriculture Department
- Expenditures in the Interior Department
- Expenditures in the Justice Department
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Immigration and Naturalization
- Irrigation of Arid Lands
- Indian Affairs
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce
- Invalid Pensions
- Judiciary
- Labor
- Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River
- Library
- Manufactures
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Pacific Railroads
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Printing
- Private Land Claims
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railways and Canals
- Reform in the Civil Service
- Revision of Laws
- Rivers and Harbors
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ventilation and Acoustics
- War Claims
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Alcohol in the Arts
- Conditions of Indian Tribes
- Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
- Investigate Charities and Reformatory Institutions in the District of Columbia
- The Library
- Printing
- Ford's Theater Disaster
Caucuses
Employees
Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States">Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
- Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
- Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict
Senate
- Chaplain: William H. Millburn
- Secretary: William Ruffin Cox
- Librarian: Alonzo M. Church
- Sergeant at Arms: Richard J. Bright
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Edward P. Bagby, until December 2, 1895
- * Henry N. Couden, elected December 2, 1895
- Clerk: James Kerr, until December 2, 1895
- * Alexander McDowell, from December 2, 1895
- Clerk at the Speaker's Table: Asher C. Hinds
- Doorkeeper: William J. Glenn, elected December 2, 1895
- Postmaster: Joseph C. McElroy, elected December 2, 1895
- Reading Clerks: E. L. Sampson and R. S. Hatcher
- Sergeant at Arms: Herman W. Snow, until December 2, 1895
- * Benjamin F. Russell, from December 2, 1895