2 Chronicles 16


2 Chronicles 16 is the sixteenth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia . The focus of this chapter is the reign of Asa, king of Judah.

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 14 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex, and Codex Leningradensis.
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus, and Codex Alexandrinus.

Old Testament references

  • :

    War between Asa and Baasha (16:1–6)

The war against Baasha of Israel marks the second phase of Asa's reign when he behaved badly and was accordingly punished. During the first period Asa relied on God in battle and listened to God's prophet, but in the second, he didn't rely on God but made alliance with Ben-hadad of Aram in his war and later ignored Hanani's sermon. As a consequence, throughout this last phase of his reign, Asa was always plagued by wars.

Verse 1

  • "The 36th year": In Thiele's chronology, this fell between September 895
to September 894 BCE. Thiele assumes that the year here refers not to Asa's personal rule but to the duration of the kingdom of Judah. The Chronicler placed the invasions in a correct chronology after the rest in the first 10 years of Asa's rule, starting with the attack of the Cushites and the Lubim just before the third month of Asa's 15th year, which ended with a victory celebration of Judah. This caused a migration of people from the northern kingdom to the south, that Baasha's invasion attempted to halt. 1 Kings 15:33 notes that Baasha became the king of Israel on the third year of Asa's reign and ruled for 24 years, thus only until the 26th year of Asa. Therefore, the 36th year from the Division was also the 16th year of Asa.
  • "Ramah" located north of Jerusalem.

    Hanani’s message to Asa (16:7–10)

The short but strong speech of Hanani has the elements of three other prophets: the proclamation of Isaiah proclamation, the words of Zechariah, and the suffering of Jeremiah.

Verse 7

  • "Hanani the seer": the father of another seer, Jehu.
  • "Aram": or "Syria"

    Death of Asa (16:11–14)

The extensive concluding acknowledgement of Asa's reign with the unusual words of appreciation before the description of his burial indicates that his son Jehoshaphat had
already taken on the business of government since Asa's illness rendered him unable to rule. The sickness of Asa was seen as a punishment for his shameful behaviour towards Hanani the seer, in irony to the king's name which can be interpreted as "YHWH heals". Since the word "Asa" could also be derived from the Aramaic word for 'myrrh', the funeral pyre with the incense and the delicate spices shows that Asa was buried in 'a way that accorded with his name'.

Verse 12

  • "The 39th year": in Thiele's chronology, this fell in 872/871 BCE.
  • "Physicians" here reflect the 'folk-etymology' of Asa's name, which may also mean "healer".

    Verse 13

  • "The 41st year": in Thiele's chronology, this fell in 870/869 BCE.