1,3-Butanediol

1,3-Butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH₃CHCH₂CH₂OH, not to be confused with 1,4 Butanediol. With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol. The compound without the R designation is racemic, which is what has been used in most studies before 2023. The compound is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid. It is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol. It is used in grape flavoring, and as a precursor to some antibiotics.

Production and uses

Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives 1,3-butanediol:
Dehydration of 1,3-butanediol gives 1,3-butadiene:

1,3-Butanediol has sedative, hypotensive and hypoglycaemic action comparable to ethanol, with the, also known as, enantiomer being more active. Fatty acid esters of 1,3-butanediol such as the acetoacetate, lactate or hexanoate have been researched for inducing ketogenesis.

1,3-Butanediol has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper, red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers. 1,3 Butanediol, | quote = Also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.