Ĝ

Ĝ or ĝ is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate, and is equivalent to a voiced [postalveolar affricate] or a voiced [retroflex affricate].
While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e, to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages than Slavic đ or dž would.

Uses of ''Ĝ'' in other languages

In Haida, a language isolate, the letter ĝ was sometimes used to represent voiced fricative">Voice (phonetics)">voiced fricative.
In Aleut, an Eskaleut language, ĝ represents a voiced [uvular fricative]. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.
In Dutch, the letter ĝ is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive, because g is pronounced as a fricative in Dutch.
In some transcriptions of Sumerian, ĝ is used to represent the velar nasal.