Pelobatoidea
The Pelobatoidea are a superfamily of frogs. They typically combine a toad-like body shape with a frog-like, pointed face. Phylogenetically they stand between primitive frogs on the one side and higher frogs on the other and are therefore – among other things by characteristics of bone construction – in the suborder Mesobatrachia.
Per 2016, the Pelobatoidea contain 202 species in 11 genera and 2 families. The distribution covers Europe, North Africa and West Asia and Southeast Asia. Their sister group are the Pelodytoidea, consisting of North American spadefood toads and parsley frogs.
A striking characteristic is the vertically slit pupil in daylight. The tongue is thick, circular, and almost entirely adhering to the floor of the mouth. When mating the males clutches the females in the lumbar region, just before the hind legs.
Taxonomy to the genus level
- Family Megophryidae Bonaparte, 1850 - Litter frogs or Asian toad frogs
- * Genus Atympanophrys Tian and Hu, 1983
- * Genus Brachytarsophrys Tian and Hu, 1983 - Karin Hills frogs
- * Genus Leptobrachella Smith, 1925 - Borneo frogs
- * Genus Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838 - Eastern spade foot toads
- * Genus Leptolalax Dubois, 1980- Asian toads
- * Genus Megophrys Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822 - Asian spadefoot toads
- ** Species Megophrys nasuta Schlegel, 1858 - Long-nosed horned frog
- * Genus Ophryophryne Boulenger, 1903 - Mountain toads
- * Genus Oreolalax Myers & Leviton, 1962
- * Genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868 - Lazy Toads
- * Genus Xenophrys Günther, 1864
- Family Pelobatidae Bonaparte, 1850 - Palearctic Spadefoot toads
- * Genus Pelobates Wagler, 1830 - European spade foot toads
- ** Species Pelobates cultripes Cuvier, 1829 - Western Spadefoot
- ** Species Pelobates fuscus Laurenti, 1768 - '''Common Spadefoot'''
Pelodytoidea
- Family Pelodytidae Bonaparte, 1850 - Parsley frogs or Mud divers
- * Genus Pelodytes Bonaparte, 1838 - Parsley frogs
- ** Species Pelodytes punctatus Daudin, 1802 - Common parsley frog
- Family Scaphiopodidae Cope, 1865 - Nearctic spadefoot toads
- * Genus Scaphiopus Holbrook, 1836 Eastern or Southern Spadefoot Toads
- ** Species Scaphiopus couchii Baird, 1854 - Couch's spadefoot toad
- * Genus Spea Cope, 1866 '''Western Spadefoots'''