95th United States Congress


The 95th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1977, to January 3, 1979, during the final weeks of Gerald Ford's presidency and the first two years of Jimmy Carter's presidency.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1970 United States census. Both chambers maintained a Democratic supermajority, and with Jimmy Carter being sworn in as president on January 20, 1977, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 90th Congress ending in 1969.
, this was the most recent Congress to approve an amendment to the Constitution. This is the last time the Democratic Party or any political party held a 2/3 supermajority in the House.
This is the last congress to at any point have no female senators on January 25, 1978; and again from the departure of both Humphrey and Maryon Allen on November 7, 1978, to the early swearing-in of Nancy Kassebaum.

Major events

Hearings

Major legislation

Constitutional amendments

Treaties ratified

  • March 16, 1978: First of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties treaty: "The Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal", commonly known as the "Neutrality Treaty"
  • April 19, 1978: Second of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties treaty, commonly known as "The Panama Canal Treaty"

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Caucuses

Members

Senate

In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1978; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1980; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1982.

Delaware">List of United States senators from Delaware">Delaware


Kansas">List of United States senators from Kansas">Kansas


Mississippi">List of United States senators from Mississippi">Mississippi


New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York


South Carolina">List of United States senators from South Carolina">South Carolina


West Virginia">List of United States senators from West Virginia">West Virginia


House of Representatives

Representatives elected statewide at-large, are preceded by "At-large", and the names of those elected from districts, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Delaware">List of United States representatives from Delaware">Delaware


Kansas">List of United States representatives from Kansas">Kansas


Mississippi">List of United States representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi


New York">List of United States representatives from New York">New York


South Carolina">List of United States representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina


West Virginia">List of United States representatives from West Virginia">West Virginia


Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 11
  • * Democratic: 3 seat net loss
  • * Republican: 3 seat net gain
  • Deaths: 4
  • Resignations: 5
  • Vacancy: 0
  • '''Total seats with changes: 9'''

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 6
  • * Democratic: 4 seat net loss
  • * Republican: 4 seat net gain
  • Deaths: 6
  • Resignations: 21
  • Contested election: 0
  • '''Total seats with changes: 25'''

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

  • Aging (Select)
  • Agriculture
  • * Livestock and Grains
  • * Cotton
  • * Dairy and Poultry
  • * Family Farms and Rural Development
  • * Oilseeds and Rice
  • * Tobacco
  • * Conservation and Credit
  • * Department, Investigations, Oversight and Research
  • * Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition
  • * Family Farms, Rural Development and Special Studies
  • Appropriations
  • * Agriculture and Related Agencies
  • * Defense
  • * District of Columbia
  • * Foreign Operations
  • * HUD-Independent Agencies
  • * Interior
  • * Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
  • * Legislative
  • * Military Construction
  • * Public Works
  • * State, Justice, Commerce and Judiciary
  • * Transportation
  • * Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
  • Armed Services
  • * Intelligence and Military Application of Nuclear Energy
  • * Research and Development
  • * Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials
  • * Investigations
  • * Military Installations and Facilities
  • * Military Personnel
  • * Military Compensation
  • Assassinations (Select)
  • Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
  • * The City
  • * Housing and Community and Development
  • * Economic Stabilization
  • * Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
  • * International Development Institutions and Finance
  • * General Oversight and Renegotiation
  • * Consumer Affairs
  • * Domestic Monetary Policy
  • * Historic Preservation and Coinage
  • * International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy
  • Budget
  • * Budget Process
  • * Economic Policy
  • * Tax Expenditures, Government Organization and Regulation
  • * Distributive Impacts of Budget and Economic Policies
  • * National Security
  • * Human Resources
  • * Community and Physical Resources
  • * State and Local Government
  • Crime (Select)
  • District of Columbia
  • * Fiscal and Government Affairs
  • * Judiciary
  • * Economic Development
  • Education and Labor
  • * Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education
  • * Labor-Management Relations
  • * Labor Standards
  • * Select Education
  • * Employment Opportunities
  • * Postsecondary Education
  • * Compensation, Health and Safety
  • * Economic Opportunity
  • Ethics (Select)
  • Government Operations
  • * Legislation and National Security
  • * Intergovernmental Relations and Human Resources
  • * Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs
  • * Environment, Energy and Natural Resources
  • * Manpower and Housing
  • * Government Activities and Transportation
  • * Government Information and Individual Rights )
  • House Administration
  • * Accounts
  • * Libraries and Memorials
  • * Printing
  • * Personnel and Police
  • * Contracts
  • * Services
  • * Office Systems
  • House Beauty Shop (Select)
  • Intelligence (Select)
  • Insular Affairs
  • * Energy and the Environment
  • * General Oversight and Alaska Lands
  • * Mines and Mining ; Ranking Member: Philip Ruppe
  • * National Parks and Insular Affairs
  • * Indian Affairs and Public Lands
  • * Special Investigations
  • * Water and Power Resources
  • International Relations
  • * International Security and Scientific Affairs
  • * International Operations
  • * Africa
  • * International Organizations
  • * Europe and the Middle East
  • * Asian and Pacific Affairs
  • * International Economic Policy and Trade
  • * International Development
  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce
  • * Oversight and Investigations
  • * Energy and Power
  • * Health and the Environment
  • * Communications
  • * Transportation and Commerce
  • * Consumer Protection and Finance
  • Judiciary
  • * Immigration, Citizenship and International Law
  • * Administrative Law and Governmental Relations
  • * Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice
  • * Civil and Constitutional Rights
  • * Monopolies and Commercial Law
  • * Crime
  • * Criminal Justice
  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries
  • * Merchant Marine
  • * Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment
  • * Coast Guard and Navigation
  • * Oceangraphy
  • * Panama Canal
  • * Maritime Education and Training (Ad Hoc)
  • Modernization of House Gallery Facilities (Special)
  • Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select)
  • Outer Continental Shelf (Ad Hoc/Select)
  • Population (Select)
  • Post Office and Civil Service
  • * Employee Ethics and Utilization
  • * Civil Service
  • * Investigations
  • * Compensations and Employee Benefits
  • * Postal Operations and Services
  • * Census and Population
  • * Postal Personnel and Modernization
  • Public Works and Transportation
  • * Aviation
  • * Economic Development
  • * Investigations and Review
  • * Public Buildings and Grounds
  • * Surface Transportation
  • * Water Resources
  • Rules
  • Science and Technology
  • * Space Science and Applications
  • * Fossil and Energy Research, Development and Demonstration
  • * Advanced Energy Technologies, Energy Conservation, Development and Demonstration
  • * Environment and the Atmosphere
  • * Transportation, Aviation and Weather
  • * Science, Research and Technology
  • * Domestic and International Scientific Planning, Analysis and Cooperation
  • Small Business
  • * SBA and SBIC Authority and General Small Business
  • * Minority Enterprise and General Oversight
  • * Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities Affecting Small Business
  • * Energy, Environment, Safety and Research
  • * Capital Investment and Business Opportunities
  • * Special Small Business Problems
  • Standards of Official Conduct
  • Veterans' Affairs
  • * Compensation, Pension and Insurance
  • * Education and Training
  • * Medical Facilities and Benefits
  • * Housing
  • * Cemeteries and Burial Benefits
  • Ways and Means
  • * Social Security
  • * Health
  • * Trade
  • * Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation
  • * Oversight
  • * Miscellaneous Revenue Measures
  • Whole

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States">Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives