Lazar Baranovych
Lazar Baranovych or Baranovich was a Ruthenian Eastern Orthodox archbishop of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and then of the Tsardom of Russia. An ecclesiastical, political, and literary figure, his activities contributed to the development of cultural elite in Ukraine during the tenure of hetman Ivan Mazepa.
Early life
Baranovych studied in Orthodox and Jesuit schools, and in 1650 was appointed professor of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, serving as its rector.Ecclesiastical career
Baranovych served as Bishop of Chernihiv from 1657 onwards. In 1658, when the presence of Muscovite troops forced Kyiv Metropolitan Hedeon Balaban to move his episcopal seat to Chyhyryn, the government in Moscow appointed Baranovych in his place. On his position he founded schools and monasteries.In 1661, Pitirim of Moscow, who at that time was the Metropolitan of Krutitsy and the deputy of the Patriarch of Moscow, ordained Methodius Fylymonovych as Bishop of Mstsislaw. Fylymonovych was later appointed as Baranovych's vicar in the Metropolis of Kyiv. In 1662, Patriarch Nikon of Moscow cursed Metropolitan Pitirim for this act. The Patriarch of Constantinople also pronounced anathema on Methodius. As a result, the Ukrainian clergy refused to obey the new vicar. This first attempt by Moscow to directly nominate a candidate for the throne in Kyiv resulted in failure.
In 1667, at a local Council in Moscow, a decision was made to elevate the Chernihiv diocese to an archdiocese with Lazar Baranovych as archbishop. However, since the decision was made without the consent of Constantinople, Patriarch Parthenius IV of Constantinople did not recognize its legitimacy. Baranovych may have assumed the title of "Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Ruthenia" or locum tenens in pretence.
Political views
While he supported the incorporation of left-bank Ukraine into the Tsardom of Russia, Baranovych also defended the independence of the Kyiv metropolis from the Patriarch of Moscow. Under the hetmanate of Ivan Mazepa he came to oppose Muscovite military presence in Ukraine.Publications
Baranovych was known primarily as an author of sermons, but he also composed verses in Polish language and works of polemic literature. His writings were edited by Innocent Gisel and Theodosius Sofonovych. Baranovych also designed engravings to illustrate his works.The publications of his sermons, written in a baroque style in Church Slavonic language, include: Mech dukhovny ; and Truby sloves propovidnykh.
He is the author of several polemical works against Catholicism in Polish and Church Slavonic ; of a poetry collection in Polish, Lutnia Apollinowa ; and of a large correspondence. Among other things, Lutnia Apollinowa contains six epitaphs for Metropolitan Petro Mohyla.