List of large volcanic eruptions

This is a sortable list of large eruptions that occurred between 11.7 Ka and 450+ Ma. Uncertainties as to dates and tephra volumes are not restated, and references are not repeated. The inclusion criteria here only covers entries with a Volcanic explosivity index of 5 or greater. The given values for events in the Miocene epoch sometimes lack references, and are given as VEI-equivalent, as an estimate of the erupted tephra volume.

<11.7KA ([Holocene])

11.7 to 49KA

50 to 99KA

VEI	Volcano/complex	Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot	Material volume	Age in Ka	Tephra or eruption name
6	Kuttara	Hokkaidō	10.2 10.2 DRE	50	Kt-2
7	Ōkataina Volcanic Complex	Taupō Volcanic Zone	100 >100 DRE	50	Rotoiti Ignimbrite
6	Phlegraean Fields	Campanian volcanic arc	13.1 13.1	51	Santa Lucia Tephra
7	Lake Maninjau	Sunda Arc, Sumatra	235 235	52	Maninjau paroxysmal welded and unwelded tuffs
6	Mount Kujū	Kyūshū	12.0 12	53.5	Kuju-Handa pyroclastic flow, Kuju-1 Pumice
6	Skaros Caldera, Santorini	South Aegean Volcanic Arc	13.8 13.75	54	Upper Scoriae 2
6	Kuttara	Hokkaidō	20.1 20.1 DRE	50 - 60	Kt-3
5	Torfajökull	Iceland	44 DRE	55.4	Þórsmörk ignimbrite and Greenland II-RHY-1
6	Ischia	Campanian volcanic arc	10.1 ≥ 10	56	X2
6	Ischia	Campanian volcanic arc	40.0 40	56	Monte Epomeo Green Tuff
6	Daisen	Honshū	40.0 40	59.6	Daisen-Kurayoshi Pumice
6	Shikotsu	Hokkaidō	50.0 50	60	Shadai eruption
6	Towada	Honshū	10.0 10	61	eruption episode Q
6	Newberry Volcano	Cascade Volcanic Arc	12.6 > 12.5	62.5	Olema tephra, Paulina tephra
6	Hakone	Honshū	20.0 20	66	Hakone-Tokyo Pumice
6	Akademia Nauk	Kamchatka	12.5 12.5	69.4	Odnoboky O2 tuffs
6	Los Humeros	Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt	37.0 37	69	Zaragoza Tuff
6	Los Humeros	Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt	24.0 24	70	Faby Tuff
6	Pico do Fogo	Cape Verde		73
5-6	Naruko	Honshū	5.0 5 - 10	73	Nisaka Tuff
8	Lake Toba Caldera	Sunda Arc, Sumatra	2800 2,800 - 5,300	74	Youngest Toba Tuff
6	Barrier Volcano	Great Rift Valley, Kenya	10.0 10	74	caldera formation
6	Kuttara	Hokkaidō	11.1 > 11 DRE	75	Kt-4
6	Phlegraean Fields	Campanian volcanic arc	12.4 12.35	80	CA-1a Tephra
6	Bolshoy Semyachik	Kamchatka	42.0 42	80	Bol'shoi Semiachik Caldera II
6	Hakone	Honshū	10.0 10	80	Hakone-Obaradai Pumice
7?	Mount Pinatubo	Luzon Volcanic Arc	25.0 25	81	Inararo Tuff
6	Etna	Campanian volcanic arc	10.0 10	82.8	X4; I-7
8	Lago de Atitlán	Central America Volcanic Arc, Guatemala	3001,220	84	Los Chocoyos eruption
6	Kuttara	Hokkaidō	16.8 16.8 DRE	84	Kt-6
6	Kussharo	Hokkaidō	25.0 25	85	Kp-2/3
6	Kuttara	Hokkaidō	10.8 10.8 DRE	84 - 87	Kt-7
7-8	Mount Aso	Kyūshū	930 930 - 1,860	87	Aso-4 Ignimbrite
6	Kuttara	Hokkaidō	9.9 9.9 DRE	87 - 106	Kt-8

100 to 299KA

300 to 999KA

VEI	Volcano/complex	Volcanic arc/belt, subregion, or hotspot	Material volume	Age in Ka	Tephra or eruption name
7	Calabozos	Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone		300	Loma Seca Tuff-Unit V
7	Kapenga Caldera	Taupō Volcanic Zone		300	Chimpanzee Ignimbrite
7	Vulsini	Campanian volcanic arc	460	300	Bolsena Caldera
7	Phlegraean Fields	Campanian volcanic arc		320
7	Kakutō Caldera	Kyūshū		321	Kakuto Ignimbrite
7?	Suiendani	Honshū		370	Okuhida Pyroclastics
7	Lake Bracciano	Lazio, Italy	> 200	370	Mophi Tephra
6	Roccamonfina Caldera	Campanian volcanic arc		390	-
6-7	Medvezhia	Iturup, Kuril Islands	90	410	Medvezhia Ignimbrite
7	Toussidé	Tibesti Mountains	150	430	Yirrigué Ignimbrite
7	Pauzhetka Caldera	Kamchatka	375	440	Golygin Ignimbrite
7	Tumalo	Oregon		440	Tumalo tuff
7	Aira Caldera	Kyūshū		450	Oda Ignimbrite
7	Diamante Caldera	Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone		450
7	Aira Caldera	Kyūshū		500	Yoshino Ignimbrite
7	Toba Caldera	Sunda Arc, Sumatra	138	500	Middle Toba Tuff
7	Kobayashi Caldera	Kyūshū		520	Kobayashi Ignimbrite
6	Bolshoy Semyachik	Kamchatka	42.0 42	524
6	Cordillera de Apaneca	El Salvador	63	525	Concepcion de Ataco caldera formation
6	Bolshoy Semyachik	Kamchatka	42.0 42	560
6	Galeras	Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone		560
7	Mount Kirishima	Kyūshū		580	Hiwaki Ignimbrite
6?	Hōhi Volcanic Zone	Kyūshū		600	Yufugawa Ignimbrite
6	Mount Lassen	Cascade Volcanic Arc	> 75	610	Rockland Caldera formation
8	Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field	Yellowstone hotspot	⩾ 1,000	631	Lava Creek Tuff
7	Acatlán Volcanic Field	Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt	150	650	Acatlán Ignimbrite
7	Hōhi Volcanic Zone	Kyūshū		650	Seiganji-Toga Tephra
7	Kamitakara	Honshū		650
7	Kapenga Caldera	Taupō Volcanic Zone		680	Matahana A
7	Kapenga Caldera	Taupō Volcanic Zone		710	Waiotapu Ignimbrite
5	Aguajito	Baja California	2 2	760	Caldera formation
7	Long Valley Caldera	Eastern California	790	760	Bishop Tuff
7	Kapenga Caldera	Taupō Volcanic Zone		830	Matahana B
7	Calabozos	Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone		840	Loma Seca Tuff-Unit L
8	Lake Toba Caldera	Sunda Arc, Sumatra	5,290	840	Toba Tuff
7	Shishimuta Caldera	Kyūshū		870	Imaichi Ignimbrite
7	Mangakino Caldera	Taupō Volcanic Zone		950	Marshall Ignimbrite
7	Mangakino Caldera	Taupō Volcanic Zone		970	Unit E