Gharnati music


Gharnati, is an Algerian variety of Andalusian classical music originating in Tlemcen. Its name is derived from the Arabic name of the city of Granada. Gharnati has also become an established tradition in other cities in western Algeria, such as Oran and Sidi-Bel-Abbès. In the 20th century it also spread to Morocco after being brought over by Algerian families who moved there fleeing French colonial rule in Algeria, and eventually founding conservatories in cities like Oujda and Rabat.

Features

Modes

The modes ' that are known in the school of Tlemcen are the following:
  • Mawwāl '
  • * Mawwāl '
  • * Dīl '
  • * Raṣd ə-Dīl '
  • * Māya '
  • Zīdān '
  • * Zīdān '
  • * Raml əl-ʿAšiyya '
  • * Mǧənba '
  • Raml əl-Māya '
  • * Raml əl-Māya '
  • * Raṣd '
  • 'Iraq Maṭlūq '
  • * 'Iraq Maṭlūq '
  • * Ḥsīn '
  • * Ġrībat əl-Ḥsīn '
  • Məzmūm '
  • * Məzmūm '
  • Sīkā '
  • * Sīkā '
  • Ǧārkā '
  • * Ǧārkā '
  • ‘Irāq Maḥṣūr '
  • * ‘Irāq Maḥṣūr
  • * Ġrīb ''''

The nuba

In Tlemcen, a nuba is a musical composition consisting of an ordered suite of vocal and instrumental pieces built around five movements whose rhythm progresses from very slow to very light and which are divided into two theoretical parts, the first comprising the first three movements ' and the second, the last two '.
The structure of a typical nuba:
  1. Mšālyā: an unmeasured instrumental prelude that introduces and develops the main mode and neighboring modes used in its development. It also introduces the audience into its mood and plays the role of a rhythmic introduction to the tūšiyya.
  2. Tūšiyya: instrumental ouverture composed of several patterns in which follow a series of rhythmic signatures recalling the five movements that form the nuba.
  3. * Rhythmic cycle :
  4. ** Mîzān əl-bašraf ǧwāb "instrumental"
  5. ** Mîzān əl-inqilāb
  6. ** Mîzān əl-qṣîd ǧwāb "instrumental"
  7. ** Mîzān əl-inṣirāf / əl-meẖles
  8. Mšālyā:
  9. Kūrsi al-mṣeddar: a melodic and rhythmic pattern that introduces the first movement.
  10. * Rhythmic cycle :
  11. ** Mîzān əl-qṣîd ǧwāb "instrumental"
  12. Kūrsi al-mṣedrayn: a melodic and rhythmic pattern that separates two mṣeddar-s.
  13. Mṣeddar : vocal and instrumental piece.
  14. * Rhythmic cycle :
  15. ** Singing: mîzān əl-qṣîd qūl
  16. ** Instrumental answer: mîzān əl-qṣîd ǧwāb
  17. Kūrsi al-bṭāyḥī: a melodic and rhythmic pattern that introduces the second movement.
  18. * Rhythmic cycle :
  19. ** Mîzān əl-bašraf ǧwāb "instrumental"
  20. Bṭāyḥī : vocal and instrumental piece.
  21. * Rhythmic cycle :
  22. ** Singing: mîzān əl-bašraf qūl
  23. ** Instrumental answer: mîzān əl-bašraf ǧwāb
  24. Kūrsi əl -derǧ: a melodic and rhythmic pattern that introduces the third movement.
  25. * Rhythmic cycle :
  26. ** Mîzān əl-derǧ
  27. Derǧ : vocal and instrumental piece.
  28. * Rhythmic cycle :
  29. ** Mîzān əl-derǧ
  30. Istiḥbār: Unmeasured vocal improvisation where the musician displays his inspiration and his virtuosity.
  31. Tūšiyyet əl-inṣirāfāt: instrumental interlude introducing the fourth movement. In its absence, the kūrsi əl-inṣirāf takes its place.
  32. * Rhythmic cycle :
  33. ** Mîzān əl-inṣirāf
  34. Inṣirāf : vocal and instrumental piece.
  35. * Rhythmic cycle :
  36. ** Mîzān əl-inṣirāf
  37. Meẖles : vocal and instrumental piece.
  38. * Rhythmic cycle :
  39. ** Mîzān əl-meẖles
  40. Tūšiyyet əl -kamāl: Instrumental piece ending the nuba. It may also serve to introduce another nuba.

Nubat əl-inqilābāt

It is a suite composed of vocal and instrumental pieces in which different modes and rhythmic cycles follow one another, mīzān ə-sofyān, mîzān əl-bašrāf ǧwāb and bašrāf qūl, mîzān əl-Gūbbāḥī and mîzān əl-inṣirāf ).

Slisla

Slisla refers to a kind of nubat əl-inqilābāt in which pieces evolve in the same rhythmic cycle, such as slislet mîzān əl-qṣîd, slislet mīzān ə-ṣofyān, slislet mīzān əl-bašraf or slislet mīzān əl-inṣirāf. Each slisla begins with a mšālyā and a tūšiyya, and ends with a meẖles.

Qadriyya

It is a small vocal piece composed in a mîzān əl-inṣirāf often used to close a classical nuba.
Qadriyya-s are found in seven modes including mawwāl, zīdān, ğārkā, raml əl-Māya, ‘Irāq and sīkā.

Representative artists

Algeria

Composers

Current celebrities

  • Amina Karadja
  • Anis Amanallah Kalfat
  • Badr Eddine Khaldoun
  • Brahim Hadj Kacem
  • Dalila Mekadder
  • Karim Boughazi
  • Khalil Baba Ahmed
  • Nisrine Ghenim
  • Nouri Kouffi
  • Rym Hakiki
  • Larbi Louazani
  • Leila Benmrah
  • Lila Borsali

Morocco

Famous performers

France