Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938


The Eire Act 1938 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on 17 May 1938. It was the British implementing measure for the 1938 Anglo-Irish Agreements which were signed at London on 25 April 1938 by the governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom. There were three agreements in total: one to rescind Articles 6 and 7 of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the transfer of British Admiralty property to Ireland; a second for the settlement of outstanding financial claims against the Irish Government; and the third, an important trade agreement putting an end to an "economic war" between the two countries.

Implementation of the agreements

In accordance with the earlier agreements, the Act:
The Act also gave partial recognition for the purposes of domestic British law to the change of the formal name of the Irish state under the 1937 Constitution of Ireland; the Irish state had formerly been known as the "Irish Free State". Under the Act the British Government decided to refer to the Irish state only as "Eire", and not as "Ireland". This avoided any need for the British government to refer to the Irish state as "Ireland", thus side-stepping concerns over the status of Northern Ireland. Under Section 1 of the Act, it was declared that the territory "which was... known as Irish Free State shall be styled as...Eire".
The English-law name of the state was later changed to "Republic of Ireland" by the Ireland Act 1949.

Other effects

The Act came into effect on 19 May 1938 pursuant to a Treasury order. One of the Act's effects was to throw into doubt whether Irish citizens were still British subjects. Legal arguments were raised that as the Constitution of Ireland declared Ireland a sovereign independent state, the passing of the Act which recognised one of the Irish state’s constitutional names, also recognised its sovereignty. Notably, these arguments were raised in the Murray v Parkes case, 1942.

Repeal

The Act was repealed under Schedule 1, Part V of the Statute Law Act 1981.