Cambridge, New Zealand

Cambridge is a town in the Waipā District of the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand. Situated southeast of Hamilton, on the banks of the Waikato River, Cambridge is known as "The Town of Trees & Champions". The town has a population of, making it the largest town in the Waipā District, and the third largest urban area in the Waikato.
Cambridge was a finalist in the 2017 and 2019 New Zealand's Most Beautiful Large Town awards, run by Keep New Zealand Beautiful. It was awarded the title New Zealand's Most Beautiful Large Town in October 2019.

History

Prior to the arrival of Europeans there were a number of Maori pā in the vicinity of what would become Cambridge. In the 1850s missionaries and farmers from Britain settled in the area and introduced modern farming practices to local Maori, helping them set up two flour mills and importing grinding wheels from England and France. During the 1850s, wheat was a profitable crop but when merchants in Auckland began purchasing cheaper grain from Australia the market went into decline.
The European town of Cambridge was established when the 3rd Regiment of the Waikato Militia were settled there in 1864 following the Invasion of the Waikato. The town was named after Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, the Commander-in-Chief of the British Army at the time.
Electric street lights were first switched on in 1922.

Demographics

Cambridge covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km².
Cambridge had a population of 21,366 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 2,685 people since the 2018 census, and an increase of 5,250 people since the 2013 census. There were 10,137 males, 11,157 females, and 72 people of other genders in 8,187 dwellings. 2.5% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 42.8 years. There were 4,062 people aged under 15 years, 3,453 aged 15 to 29, 9,054 aged 30 to 64, and 4,797 aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 88.5% European ; 10.9% Māori; 1.8% Pasifika; 7.3% Asian; 0.9% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders ; and 2.6% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.3%, Māori by 1.9%, Samoan by 0.2%, and other languages by 10.6%. No language could be spoken by 1.8%. New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 25.4, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 33.6% Christian, 1.1% Hindu, 0.4% Islam, 0.4% Māori religious beliefs, 0.6% Buddhist, 0.4% New Age, 0.1% Jewish, and 1.9% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 54.5%, and 7.3% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 4,548 people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 8,898 had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 3,858 people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $43,200, compared with $41,500 nationally. 2,604 people earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was 8,475 full-time, 2,421 part-time, and 330 unemployed.

Name	Area	Population	Density	Dwellings	Median age	Median income
Hautapu	7.43	612	82	210	46.1 years	$37,000
Cambridge North	1.81	2,898	1,601	1,035	43.3 years	$48,600
Cambridge West	2.23	2,592	1,162	1,071	45.8 years	$41,800
Cambridge East	1.58	2,820	1,785	1,077	40.8 years	$41,400
Cambridge Park-River Garden	3.01	1,476	490	522	40.4 years	$51,000
Oaklands-St Kilda	1.68	1,863	1,109	663	46.5 years	$45,000
Cambridge Central	2.82	990	351	522	55.8 years	$35,500
Leamington West	1.26	1,590	1,262	684	44.0 years	$37,300
Leamington South	2.91	2,079	714	747	43.5 years	$46,800
Leamington Central	1.19	2,406	2,022	870	34.9 years	$42,500
Leamington East	1.41	2,031	1,440	783	40.9 years	$45,000
New Zealand					38.1 years	$41,500

Governance

Cambridge is administered by the Waipā District Council. It is the largest town in the district, but not the seat of the council, which is at Te Awamutu.
Nationally, most of Cambridge is part of the general electorate and the Māori electorate. A small section of the town north of the Waikato Expressway is in the general electorate.

Economy

Cambridge's main sources of employment and income come from dairy farming, tourism, the equine industry and sport. Dairy farming provides more than one in 10 jobs in the Waipā District. The tourism industry supports 12.7% of jobs in Waipā District. The equine industry provides more than 600 jobs in the Waikato, with many based in and around Cambridge. It is estimated that one in five Cambridge residents work in nearby Hamilton.

Transport

Cambridge lies adjacent to State Highway 1, which connects the town with Hamilton in the northwest and Tauranga, Rotorua and Taupō in the southeast. Access to Cambridge from the north is via the Cambridge Road and Victoria Road interchanges, and from the south is via the Tirau Road interchange. Prior to the Waikato Expressway extension opening in December 2015, SH 1 ran through the centre of Cambridge, though in 1985 it had been diverted from the main shopping street, to run via Carters Flat.
State Highway 1B leaves SH 1 at the Victoria Road interchange and provides a route north to SH 1 at Taupiri, providing a route north towards Auckland while bypassing Hamilton to the east.
Hamilton Airport, 18 minutes drive from Cambridge, is the nearest airport and provides daily flights to all New Zealand's main centres.
A public bus service connects Cambridge with central Hamilton via Tamahere and Waikato University several times daily.
Cambridge was formerly the terminus of the Cambridge Branch railway, but this closed beyond Hautapu in 1999.
Until the railway was built the Waikato River was the main form of transport, Cambridge being the limit of navigation. Steamers continued to serve Cambridge until the 1930s. The wharf was near the Karapiro Stream, where the river was wide enough for steamers to turn.

Climate

Sport

;National sports headquarters
Cambridge and nearby Lake Karapiro have become the homes for national sports organisations such as cycling, rowing, triathlon and as high performance centres for kayaking and canoeing.
;Cycling
A purpose built velodrome facility, the Grassroots Trust Velodrome, was opened by William and Catherine, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, in Cambridge on 12 April 2014. In December 2015, Cambridge hosted the 2015–16 UCI Track Cycling World Cup. There are also many cycle and walking tracks that have been purpose built around Cambridge. The Te Awa River Ride, from Ngāruawāhia to Karapiro, is planned to be fully open by the end of 2021. It currently has two paths open which are for cyclists and walkers. The purpose built track runs from the centre of Cambridge out to the velodrome and follows the Waikato river. There is also a wide cycleway running from Leamington to Lake Karapiro Domain. Cambridge will host the New Zealand National Road Race Championships and the accompanying time trial between the years of 2020 and 2022 with an option for a fourth year, the event will take place in mid February.
;Thoroughbred horse studs
The town is now well known for its Thoroughbred studs and stables, which have produced many champion horses in the sports of racing and show jumping. Cambridge is popularly known as the 'equine capital' of New Zealand. Internationally known thoroughbred studs in the area include:

Cambridge Stud
Chequers Stud
Blue Gum Lodge
Trelawney Stud
Windsor Park Stud

;Rowing
Lake Karapiro, recognised as one of the premium rowing lakes in the world, is close by, producing several world rowing champions, notably Rob Waddell, Robbie Manson, the Evers-Swindell twins, Georgina and Caroline, Mahé Drysdale and James Dallinger. The 2010 World Rowing Championships were held at Lake Karapiro.
;Rugby Union
Cambridge is home to two clubs, Hautapu Sports Club, founded in 1903, and Leamington Rugby Sports Club, founded in 1897.
;Football
Cambridge is home to Cambridge FC who were the 2017 and 2015 Waikato Bay of Plenty Premiership champions, and Waipa Sports Club of the Year in 2014 and 2015.

Events

Cambridge and the surrounding district is host to many sporting, cultural and trade events. More than 120,000 visitors attend the National Agricultural Fieldays every year at the Mystery Creek Events Centre between Cambridge and Hamilton.
Every summer, Lake Karapiro hosts the Waka Ama Sprint National Championships and the hydroplane racing as part of the New Zealand Grand Prix Circuit. In February, the Keyte Watson Polo Tournament takes place at Leamington, Cambridge. Every March, Cambridge holds its four-day Autumn Festival and in December, a Christmas Festival takes place.
Cambridge's local annual event is the Battle of the Bridges, a rugby and netball competition between the two sports clubs in Cambridge, Leamington and Hautapu, however the trophy is awarded to the winning team in the rugby match. The event takes place in August each year. The first ever match between
the two sides, in 2013, ended in a 0–0 draw.