Tuber aestivum
Tuber aestivum or Tuber uncinatum is a species of truffle found across Europe.
Taxonomy
In cuisine and commerce, particularly in France and Italy, T. aestivum is distinguished from T. uncinatum. However, molecular analysis showed in 2004 that these two varieties of truffle are one species. The differences between them are therefore likely due to environmental factors.Hall et al. recommend using the older of the two binomial names, or senior synonym, T. aestivum, to designate the species.
Description
The two truffles are a similar size, color and flavor, but the flesh of summer truffles has a paler hazel color and a less intense aroma.Burgundy truffles are somewhat large, with bodies from in diameter. Their brown or black outer skin forms pyramidal warts about wide, resembling rough bark. They have a hazelnut-like aroma.
Distribution and harvest
Summer truffles are most often found in the southern part of the distribution area of the species, notably in the Mediterranean climate areas of France, Italy and Spain.Burgundy truffles have a wider distribution than any other truffle species. They are found across Europe, from Spain to eastern Europe and from Sweden to North Africa. In France they are found mainly in the northeast and in Italy, in the north. In the United Kingdom they were plentiful prior to the 20th century, but are now rare. Their distribution may not yet be definitively established: as of 2007, there are unconfirmed reports of findings in China.
Uses
Summer truffles are harvested from May to August.Burgundy truffles are harvested from September to late December, sometimes also until late January. They are prized for their gastronomic qualities. They are used in the haute cuisine of France and Italy, sometimes as a less expensive, milder substitute for T. melanosporum when the latter is not available. Like other truffles, burgundy truffles are also packaged for export.
Regional names
Regionally, summer truffles are known as, in ; ; and.Burgundy truffles are regionally known as, in, or scorzone,,, and.